sworn

The word “sworn” means made or declared formally under oath. In plain terms, formally promised or declared, often under oath — or, informally, fiercely committed (as in "sworn enemies").

“Sworn” is pronounced swawn (/swɔɹn/ in IPA).

Here is “sworn” used in a sentence: “She gave a sworn statement to the police.”

“Sworn” is an adjective.

The word “sworn” comes from Old English. The past participle of swear, from Old English sworen.

“Sworn” is a fairly common word in modern English.

“Sworn” has 2 distinct senses listed in this dictionary. The most common is: made or declared formally under oath.

Sworn is the past participle of the verb "swear," used with "have" or "be," as in "he has sworn an oath." Swore is the simple past tense, as in "she swore an oath yesterday."

Sworn enemies are people or groups bound in firm, lasting opposition to one another, as if by an oath. The word sworn here stresses how deep and committed the hostility is.

Both involve a solemn promise. Sworn typically implies a formal declaration under oath, often legal or official, while vowed suggests a personal, heartfelt promise. A witness is sworn in, whereas a person vows to change.

Common collocations include "sworn statement," "sworn testimony," "sworn enemy," and "sworn in." The first two involve legal oaths, while "sworn in" refers to formally taking up an official role under oath.