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"N" Word Origins

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

“N” Word Origins

nimbleness
Origin
From Middle English nymmylnes; equivalent to nimble + -ness.
nimbus
Latin · 1803
From Latin nimbus, meaning "dark cloud." The rain-cloud sense was formalized in 1803 by the British meteorologist Luke Howard when he devised the modern system of cloud names.
nimiety
Origin
Latin nimietās, from nimius (“excessive”) and nimis (“excessively”).
nimply
Origin
Blend of NOT + IMPLY, by analogy with NOR and NAND.
nimrod
Origin · 1900
From Nimrod, a biblical "mighty hunter." In American English the word ironically flipped to mean "idiot" — a shift widely (if not conclusively) linked to popular mockery of the term in the 20th century.
nin
Welsh
Likely derived from the Welsh word "nain," meaning grandmother.
nina
Origin
Named after Nina, the daughter of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, whose name he famously hid within his drawings.
nincompoop
Origin
Origin uncertain and debated for centuries; possibly linked to the name Nicodemus or to "ninny," with a second part that may come from an old sense of "poop" meaning to fool or deceive.
nine
Old English
From Old English nigon, part of a family of "nine" words shared across the Germanic and wider Indo-European languages.
ninepin
Origin
From nine + pin.
niner
Origin
Formed from nine + -er, adopted in radio-telephony because "nine" can sound like other words over crackly audio.
nineteen
Old English
From Old English niġontīene, built from nine plus the "-teen" ending meaning "ten more."
nineteenth
Origin
From nineteen + the ordinal ending -th.
ninety
Old English
From Old English hundniġontiġ, built ultimately from nine plus a suffix meaning "ten times."
nineveh
Origin
From Old English Niniuea (under influence from Biblical Hebrew נִינְוֵה (nīnəwē)), from Latin Nīnevē, from Ancient Greek Νινευή (Nineuḗ), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 𒀏 (/⁠Ninua⁠/) or Old Babylonian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 (/⁠Ninuwā⁠/) of uncertain origin, but is clearly a variation of 𒀏 (/⁠ninâ⁠/, “fish”). The cuneiform seems to denote "House of Fish", although whether this referred to literal fish, an aspect of Ishtar, a separate Hurrian goddess, or something else entirely is unclear. The traditional folk etymology in classical antiquity derived it from an eponymous founder Ninus (Greek: Νίνος (Nínos)).
ninja
Japanese · 1900
Borrowed from Japanese ninja (忍者), popularized in the West largely through films and novels of the late 20th century.
ninny
Italian
Origin unclear; possibly linked to "innocent" or an old Italian word for a small child.
ninnyhammer
Origin
Apparently from ninny (although attested slightly later) + -hammer, of unknown origin; perhaps compare earlier hammer-headed.
Nintendo
Japanese · 1889
From Japanese 任天堂 (Nintendō), the company's name since 1889, originally a maker of playing cards.
ninth
Old English
From Old English niġoþa, from nine + the ordinal ending -th.
Niobe
Greek
From Niobe, a figure in Greek mythology who wept so long after losing her children that she was turned to stone.
nip
Middle English
From late Middle English nippen, related to Low German and Dutch words meaning "to pinch."
nipcheese
Origin
From nip + cheese.
nipper
Origin
From nip + -er, "one that nips" — originally used for anything that pinches, later extended affectionately to small children.
nipple
Origin
Related to "nib," an old word for a point or tip.
Nippon
Japanese
From Japanese 日本 (Nippon), an alternate reading of the same characters usually pronounced "Nihon."
nipponic
Origin
From Nippon + -ic.
nippy
Origin
From nip + -y, echoing the way cold air "nips" at the skin.
Niro
Italian
Borrowed from Italian Niro, from Neapolitan niro (“black”).
nirvana
Sanskrit
From Sanskrit nirvāṇa, literally "blown out" or "extinguished," describing the snuffing out of craving and suffering.
nis
Danish
Borrowed from Danish nisse, a folklore house-spirit similar to a brownie or gnome.
Nisha
Sanskrit
From Sanskrit niśā, meaning "night."
nishi
Japanese
From Japanese 西 (nishi), meaning "west," reflecting how the western side of the sumo rankings is seen as lower status, by analogy with the setting sun.
Nishida
Japanese
Borrowed from Japanese 西田.
Nishimura
Japanese
Borrowed from Japanese 西村 (Nishimura).
nisibis
Origin
From Latin Nisibis, from Ancient Greek Νίσιβις (Nísibis), from Aramaic ܢܨܝܼܒܝܼܢ (Nəṣīḇīn).
Nissan
Japanese
From Japanese "Nissan," a shortening of "Nihon Sangyō," literally "Japan Industries."
nisus
Origin
From Latin nīsus (“pressure, exertion”).
nit
Ancient Greek
From Old English hnitu, a very old Germanic word for a louse egg, tracing back to a Proto-Indo-European root also seen in Ancient Greek konis.
nithing
Origin
From Middle English nithing, nithinc, nything, nythyng, nythynge, niþinge, nyþing, nyþyng, Early Middle English niðing, niþinc, niþincke (“coward, wretch; good-for-nothing; term of address for a boy or lad; stingy or miserly person; niggardly, miserly, stingy”), from Late Old English nithing, Old English niðing, nīþing (“coward; wretch; outlaw, villain”), from a North Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą (“envy; hate; malice”) (from Proto-Indo-European *neyH- (“to be angry”)) + *-ingō, *-ungō (suffix forming gerund nouns from verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish nidding, Late Latin nidingus, nithingus, Middle High German nīdinc, nīdunc (modern German Neiding (“(archaic) one who is envious”)), Old Norse níðingr (Icelandic níðingur (“scoundrel, rascal”), Norwegian niding), Old Swedish nīþinger (modern Swedish niding).
nitpick
Origin
From nit + pick, originally referring to literally removing invisibly tiny louse eggs by hand.
nitpicking
Origin
From nit + picking.
nitrate
French
Borrowed from French nitrate, built on "nitre" (an old name for saltpeter).
nitric
French
Formed from "nitro-" plus the adjective ending "-ic," paralleling the French nitrique.
nitrile
Origin
Derived from benzonitrile which contains the −C≡N group. Benzonitrile was discovered and named by Hermann Fehling in 1844.
nitro
Origin
Shortened from "nitrocellulose," a term tied to early gunpowder manufacturing.
nitrocellulosic
Origin
From nitrocellulose + -ic.
nitrogen
French · 1790
Borrowed from French nitrogène, coined by chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal in 1790 from "nitro-" plus "-gen" ("producing").