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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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pragmatist
Origin
From Ancient Greek πρᾶγμα (prâgma, “thing”).
patronless
Origin
From patron + -less. Piecewise doublet of patternless.
papirosa
Origin
Borrowed from Russian папиро́са (papirósa), from Polish papieros (“cigarette”), from papier (“paper”) with the ending added from Spanish cigarros and the stem being from German Papier, from Late Middle High German papier, from Latin papȳrus, papȳrum, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros, “papyrus”), supposedly of Egyptian origin.
pathogenic
Origin
From patho- + -genic.
plat
Origin
The noun is derived from Middle English plat, platte (“flat part of a sword; flat piece of ground, plot of ground”), probably a variant of Middle English plot, (modern English plot) and influenced by Middle English plat, plate (modern English plate) and Anglo-Norman, Middle French and Old French plat. See platy-, plaice, flat. The verb is derived from the noun.
posthetomy
Origin
From Ancient Greek πόσθη (pósthē, “prepuce”) + -tomy.
periscopically
Origin
From periscopic + -ally.
piquet
Origin
From French piquet.
planche
Origin
Borrowed from French planche (“board”). Doublet of phalange, phalanx, planch, plancha, and plank.
parren
Origin
Variant of Perrin.
paleaceous
Origin
From Latin palea (“chaff”) + -aceous.
pecuniarily
Origin
From pecuniary + -ly.
pinko
Origin
From pink + -o, a variation of red (“Communist”, noun), as pink is a lighter, more diluted form.
papyraceous
Origin
From Latin papȳrāceus (“made of papyrus”) under influence of Middle French papyracee and French papiracé.
parvenu
Origin
Borrowed from French parvenu, past participle of parvenir, from Latin perveniō (“arrive, reach”). See also parvenue f
pestilent
Origin
Middle English, from Latin pestilens, from Latin pestis.
parlous
Origin
From Middle English parles, parlous, perlous, [and other forms], a contraction of perilous (“dangerous; dreadful, terrible; morally corrupt, sinful, wicked; inauspicious, unlucky”) (and thus a doublet of perilous), from Old French perilleus, perillos, perillous, perilluse, perilleuse, perilleux (“very dangerous, perilous”) (modern French périlleux), from Latin perīculōsus (“dangerous, hazardous, perilous”), from perīculum (“danger, hazard, peril, risk”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through, carry forth, try”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’ forming adjectives).
phalangite
Origin
Ultimately from Ancient Greek φαλαγγίτης (phalangítēs), equivalent to phalanx + -ite.
pash
Origin
Clipping of passion.
penstock
Origin
Perhaps from pen (“an enclosure”) + stock.
perspicacity
Origin
From Middle French perspicacité (whence -acity) or directly from Latin perspicācitās (“sharpsightedness, discrimination”), from perspicāx (“sharp-sighted”), from perspicio, from per- + specio, "see through (something)".
picaroon
Origin
From Spanish picarón, from pícaro (“rogue”).
panegyric
Origin
From French panégyrique, from Ancient Greek πανηγυρικός (panēgurikós).
perpetrate
Origin
From Middle English perpetrat (“committed, perpetrated”), from Latin perpetrātus, past participle of perpetrāre (“to carry through”).