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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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Hollywood
Origin
Named by real-estate developer H. J. Whitley after the holly bushes he planned to plant there; the word later came to stand for the whole US film industry.
sundry
Old English
From Old English syndriġ ("separate, individual"), related to sunder.
culinary
Latin
Borrowed from French culinaire, from Latin culinarius, from culina ("kitchen").
electronics
Origin
From electron plus the noun-forming suffix -ics, on the model of words like "physics."
valentine
Origin
Named after Saint Valentine, whose feast day on February 14th became associated with romantic love and the exchanging of cards.
pushover
Origin
Formed from "push over" — something (or someone) so weak it topples with the slightest push.
beamer
Origin
From beam + -er — something that produces or projects a beam (of light, in the case of a projector).
uppity
Origin · 1880
From an earlier form uppedy, built from up + -ed + -y; first recorded around 1880 in Joel Chandler Harris's Uncle Remus stories.
mitigation
Latin
From Latin mitigatio, from mitigare, "to soften."
solo
Latin
Borrowed from Italian solo, "alone", from Latin sōlus.
concerto
Italian
Borrowed from Italian concerto, related to concert.
blouse
French · 1800
Borrowed in the 19th century from French blouse, originally describing a workman's or peasant's loose smock.
archive
Latin
From French archives, from Latin archivum, from Greek arkheion, "town hall" — the place where official records were kept.
itinerant
Late Latin
From Late Latin itinerantem, "travelling," from iter, "journey" or "road."
permission
Latin
From Latin permissio, from permittere ("to allow").
sickle
Latin
From Old English sicol, ultimately borrowed from Latin sīcīlis ("sickle"). Distantly related to "scythe" and "saw".
bobo
Origin · 1990
A blend of "bourgeois" and "bohemian," popularized by the American writer David Brooks to describe a certain kind of affluent professional in the 1990s.
isle
Latin · 1500
From Old French isle, from Latin insula ("island"). Not historically related to "island," despite the similar spelling — the "s" was added to both words separately in the 1500s.
Andrea
Latin
A Latinate feminine form of Andreas and Andrew.
total
Medieval Latin
From Old French total, from Medieval Latin totalis, from Latin totus, "all, whole, entire."
warfare
Origin
From war plus fare (in the old sense of "going, journeying") — literally "the business of waging war."
posture
Latin
From Middle French posture, from Italian postura, from Latin positura ('position').
socialize
Origin
From social + -ize.
biochemical
Greek
Built from "bio-" (Greek bios, "life") plus "chemical."