Etymology — The origins of English words

From Russian, meaning "ruler of the east."

From German Wien, tracing back through Old High German Wienna, possibly ultimately from a Celtic word meaning "wood" or "wild place."

Named after Elizabeth I of England, the "Virgin Queen," when the original colony was founded.

From the Italian city name Verona, going back to the Latin Vērōna.

From Middle English Venyse, from Old French Venise or Old Italian, from Medieval Latin Venetia, from Latin Venetī + -ia (suffix forming place names), a local tribe in antiquity whose own little-attested language is now known as Venetic. Initial scholarly agreement that they were Illyrian was based on arguments since refuted. They worshipped Belenus and were possibly Celtic or heavily influenced by Celtic culture, despite repeatedly supporting the Romans against the Gauls. Compare the identical ethnonym Venetī used for Celts of Armorica (ancient Britanny) from Gaulish Uenetoi (“friendly ones, kinsmen”), from Proto-Celtic *wenet, a modified form of *wenyā (“kindred”). Widely but mistakenly derived by the ancient Greeks and Romans from the Eneti of Pamphylia, supposed to have fled to the Adriatic and become the Veneti after supporting the losing side of the Trojan War. As American places, named after the Italian city. Doublet of Venetia and Venezia.

The family name is from the Dutch place name Coevorden (“the place where cows ford the river”) via the Dutch family name van Coevorden (“a person from Coevorden”). The place names are derived from the family name, being named after George Vancouver, an English explorer who charted the northwestern Pacific coast of North America in a 1791–1794 expedition.

Named after the Spanish city of Valencia, itself from Latin Valentia ("strength, vigour").

From Old English hlud, meaning "noisy" or "famous," ultimately from a root meaning "to hear" — the same root gives us "listen" and the Latin-derived word "laud" (praise).

From Piedmontese Turin, from the Roman name, Latin Augusta Taurinōrum, ultimately from the name of the Taurini tribe. Connections to Latin taurus (“bull”) are folk etymology. Doublet of Torino, the Italian name.

Borrowed from Arabic تُونِس (tūnis). Further derivation uncertain, but some possibilities are: * Derived from a Berber root ens "to lie down", tansawt "to pass the night", thus "encampment". * Related to the Phoenician goddess Tanit.

From Old French silence, from Latin silentium, from silere ("to be silent").

Named after the city of Tripoli, one of the historical sources from which the polishing rock was traded.

From Spanish trinidad ("trinity"); Columbus named the island after the Holy Trinity to fulfil a religious vow.

From Old French noise ("dispute, strife"), of uncertain deeper origin, possibly related to Latin words for "disgust" or "harm."

Formed as a back-formation from the noun "yorker."

From Medieval Latin Transsilvania, meaning "the land beyond the forest" — trans- ("across") plus silva ("forest"), a translation of the Hungarian name Erdély.

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō), literally "eastern capital," naming the city as the capital to the east of Kyoto.

A transliteration of the Persian name tehran, from Classical Persian tahran.

From "pay" plus "roll," referring to the original paper list (or "roll") of employees and their wages.

From Spanish tapas, plural of tapa ("lid, cover"), from the old custom of covering a glass of wine with a small plate of food.

Named after the French given name Madeleine; sense 2 comes from a famous passage in Marcel Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time, where a bite of madeleine cake unlocks a flood of childhood memories.

From Latin prīmārius, "of the first rank, chief," from prīmus ("first").

From Old English tæppa, referring to a stopper or plug used to control liquid flowing from a container — the same root that gives us "tapster", someone who draws drinks from a barrel.

From Middle English pat, "a blow or stroke," related to Old English plætt, "a sounding smack."