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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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sing
Old English
From Old English singan, from a very old Germanic root meaning "to sing" or "to recite."
song
Old English
From Old English sang, going back to a very old Germanic root meaning "to sing." Related to the German word Sang and the Dutch zang.
remember
Late Latin
From Old French remembrer, from Late Latin rememorari — re- + memor ("mindful").
breath
Old English
From Old English brǣþ, originally referring to a vapor or scent, related to a Germanic word for exhaled vapor.
talk
Middle English
From Middle English talken, related to "tale" and "tell," and ultimately traced back to a root meaning "to count or recount."
think
Old English
From Old English þenċan, a very old Germanic verb meaning "to think" or "to conceive of".
smile
Middle English
From Middle English smilen, from Old Germanic roots, related to an ancient word meaning "to laugh or wonder."
bite
Old English
From Old English bītan, from a very old Germanic root meaning "to split" — the same root that eventually gave us the word "bit".
touch
Vulgar Latin
From Old French tochier ("to touch"), traced back through Vulgar Latin and Frankish roots meaning "to strike" or "to grasp" — the same deep root that gave English the word "tuck."
listen
Old English
From Old English hlysnan ("to listen"), from a Proto-Germanic root related to hearing — distantly connected to the modern word loud.
hear
Old English
From Old English hīeran, an ancient Germanic word ultimately built from roots meaning "sharp" and "ear" — literally "to be sharp-eared."
sanction
Latin
From Latin sanctio, related to sanctus ("holy" or "binding") — originally a solemn decree.
TA
Origin
Origin uncertain — possibly imitating a young child's pronunciation of "thanks."
so
Middle English
From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), Saterland Frisian so (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German Low German so (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so (“so”), Swedish så (“so, such that”), Faroese so (“so”), Icelandic svo (“so”), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).
SI
French
Borrowed from French, from the International System of Units abbreviation "SI."
JA
German
Borrowed from German JA (“Junge Alternative für Deutschland”).
comely
Old English
From Old English cymlic, meaning "beautiful" or "splendid," combined with the suffix -lic ("-like").
bed
Old English
From Old English bedd, "resting place, plot of ground," from an ancient Germanic root possibly connected to a much older word meaning "to dig" — which would also explain the "garden plot" sense.
beat
Old English
From Old English bēatan, meaning "to strike or pound," an ancient Germanic verb related to words for "pushing" or "striking" in several other languages.
bat
Old French
The flying-mammal sense comes from a dialect word related to Middle English "bakke"; the sporting-equipment sense is unrelated, from Old French "batte," meaning a club or beater.
basin
Vulgar Latin
From Old French bacin, from Vulgar Latin baccinum, "wide bowl."
bap
Origin
Originally Scottish English; the word's ultimate origin is unknown.
ban
Old English
From Old English bannan, "to summon or proclaim," and Old Norse banna, "to curse or forbid" — both from a Germanic root meaning to proclaim or curse.
bam
Origin
An onomatopoeic word imitating a sudden, sharp sound.