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Etymology — The Origins of English Words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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crookback
Origin
From crook + back.
deformation
Origin
From Old French deformation, see deform. Morphologically deform + -ation.
densen
Origin
From dense + -en.
cumming
Origin
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic Cuimeinich, presumably from Anglo-Norman de Comyn, which was a surname of toponymic origin, either from Commin near Rouen or Comines near Lille.
decenary
Origin
From Latin decenarius (“containing 10 items; related to the number 10”), from decem (“ten”) + -ārius (“-ary”) Doublet of decener.
croodle
Origin
Compare cruddle, crudle.
dashu
Origin
From Mandarin 大樹 (Dàshù).
crocus
Origin
Learned borrowing from Latin crocus, from Ancient Greek κρόκος (krókos, “crocus”), from an ancient Semitic language.
decharm
Origin
From de- + charm. Compare French décharmer.
defalcation
Origin
Late 15th century, from Medieval Latin dēfalcātiōnem, accusative singular of dēfalcātiō (literally “cutting off, lopping off with a sickle”), nominalization of dēfalcō, from Latin dē (“off”) + falx (“sickle, scythe, pruning hook”), from which also English falcate (“sickle-shaped”). By surface analysis, defalcate + -ion (“the act of”).
cuckquean
Origin
Blend of cuckold + quean (“disreputable woman”). The verb sense is derived from the noun sense.
desume
Origin
Borrowed from Latin dēsūmō, dēsūmere, from dē- + sūmere (“to take”).
dickbreath
Origin
From dick + breath.
deliration
Origin
Learned borrowing from Latin dēlīrātio.
crocodilian
Origin
From crocodile + -ian; compare translingual Crocodilia.
dailey
Origin
Variant of Daly.
diatonic
Origin
From French diatonique or Late Latin diatonicus, ultimately from Ancient Greek διατονικός (diatonikós), in the phrase [γένος (génos, “type, genus”)] διατονικός (diatonikós) (in reference to the diatonic tetrachord, and in contrast to the chromatic and enharmonic tetrachords), from διάτονος (diátonos) (διά (diá) + τόνος (tónos)), of disputed etymology, as both components are ambiguous. Most plausibly, διάτονος (diátonos) refers to “stretched intervals”, as the intervals of the diatonic tetrachord are the most evenly distributed or “stretched out”, compared to the chromatic and enharmonic tetrads, which use smaller, more crowded together intervals. Compare pyknon, from πυκνός (puknós, “dense, compressed”), referring to the lower part of the non-diatonic tetrachords: the diatonic tetrachord has widely spaced notes (“stretched out”), while the other tetrachords have a closely spaced notes (“compressed”).
cyberself
Origin
From cyber- + self.
dearthful
Origin
From dearth + -ful.
demurrer
Origin
From Anglo-Norman demurrer, form of Old French demourer (“to demur”), infinitive used as noun.
decennium
Origin
From Latin decennium, from decennis (“10-year”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns), from deciēs (“ten times”) + annus (“year”) + -is (suffix forming compound adjectives). Equivalent to decennial + -ium.
dehex
Origin
From de- + hex.
cummingsesque
Origin
From Cummings + -esque.
cutpurse
Origin
From Middle English cutte-purs; equivalent to cut + purse: originally, purses were worn by a strap at the girdle, which the thief would cut.