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Etymology — The Origins of English Words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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beghast
Origin
From be- + ghast. Cognate with German begeistern (“to inspire, excite, thrill”).
athwart
Origin
From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”). Cognates * Scots athort (“athwart”)
beachem
Origin
From Middle English, from Old French Beauchamp.
atypicality
Origin
From atypical + -ity.
bashfulness
Origin
From bashful + -ness.
autosarcophagy
Origin
From auto- + sarcophagy.
augurous
Origin
From augur + -ous.
batey
Origin
From Batte, a Middle English pet-form of Bartholomew.
augustinian
Origin
From Middle English Augustinen, from Latin Augustīniānus, from Augustīnus + -iānus, after Augustine of Hippo. By surface analysis, Augustine + -ian.
beamful
Origin
From beam + -ful.
becquerel
Origin
Borrowed from French becquerel. Named after the French physicist Henri Becquerel.
ayubowan
Origin
From Sinhalese ආයුබෝවන් (āyubōwan).
bairnish
Origin
From Middle English *bernis, *barnisch, from Old English *bearnisċ and Old Norse bernskr (“childish”), from Proto-Germanic *barniskaz (“childish”), equivalent to bairn + -ish. Cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (barnisks, “childish”).
audibility
Origin
Borrowed from New Latin audibilitās.
beneficence
Origin
From Middle English beneficence, from Latin beneficentia.
becall
Origin
From Middle English bicallen, bikallen, equivalent to be- + call.
becare
Origin
From Middle English bicaren. Equivalent to be- + care.
beacham
Origin
From Middle English, from Old French Beauchamp.
bebay
Origin
From be- + bay (“to bend”), from Middle English beien, beȝen, from Old English bīeġan (“to bend, turn, turn back, incline, depress, abase, humiliate, subject, persuade, convert”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- + *baugijaną.
autosexuality
Origin
From auto- + sexuality.
baseboard
Origin
From base + board.
axeman
Origin
From axe + man.
bafflegab
Origin
From baffle + gab, coined 1952.
barnie
Origin
From barn + -ie.