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Etymology — The Origins of English Words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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millenary
Origin
From Latin mīllēnārius.
interpose
Origin
From Middle French interposer, influenced by poser (“to place, put”), from Latin interpōnō, from inter (“between”) + pōnō (“to place, put”).
notional
Origin
From notion + -al.
prophesier
Origin
From prophesy + -er.
jobber
Origin
From job + -er.
ostentate
Origin
Borrowed from Latin ostentātus, perfect passive participle of ostentō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), intensive from ostendō. Doublet of ostent.
midwifery
Origin
From Middle English medewifry; equivalent to midwife + -ery.
jubilate
Origin
Either a back-formation from jubilation, or borrowed from Latin iūbilātus, perfect passive participle of iubilō (“to shout for joy”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
quintin
Origin
A less common form of Quentin.
mocker
Origin
From mock + -er.
irregardless
Origin
Probably a blend of irrespective + regardless. The word may also be analysed as ir- + regardless, as it is possible that the prefix ir- was added to amplify the negative in regardless just as plain negatives often did at the time the word came into use (and still do in dialects).
kori
Origin
Borrowed from Gujarati કોરી (korī).
misreckoning
Origin
From misreckon + -ing.
impregnation
Origin
From Middle English impregnacioun, from Old French impregnacion, in turn from Late Latin impregnatio.
plankter
Origin
Borrowed from German Plankter, from Koine Greek πλαγκτήρ (planktḗr, “wanderer; one who leads another astray, beguiler”), modelled after German Plankton (“plankton”). Πλαγκτήρ (Planktḗr) is derived from Ancient Greek πλάζομαι (plázomai) (the mediopassive of πλᾰ́ζω (plắzō, “to turn away from (something); to roam, wander”)) + -τήρ (-tḗr, suffix forming masculine agent nouns from verbs). By surface analysis, plankt- + -er.
puissant
Origin
From Middle English puissaunt, from Middle French puissant, poissant, Anglo-Norman puissant, Old French pussant, et al., present participle of pooir (“to be able”), ultimately from Latin posse (“be able”).
hatful
Origin
From hat + -ful.
meemaw
Origin
Probably an affectionate alteration of mama or reduplication of maw (“mother”).
incisive
Origin
Late Middle English (in the sense “cutting, penetrating”), borrowed from Medieval Latin incīsīvus, from incīdō (“to cut in, cut through”) + -īvus (“-ive”, adjectival suffix). Compare Middle French incisif.
playhouse
Origin
From Middle English *pleyhous, possibly continuing Old English pleġhūs (“playhouse, theatre”). By surface analysis, play + house. Compare Dutch speelhuis, German Spielhaus.
maraud
Origin
From French marauder, derivative of maraud (“rogue, vagabond”), from Middle French maraud (“rascal”), from Old French *marault (“beggar, vagabond”), from marir, marrir (“to trouble, stray, lose ones way, be lost”), from Frankish *marʀijan (“to neglect, hinder”), from Proto-Germanic *marzijaną (“to neglect, hinder, spoil”), from Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to trouble, confuse, ignore, forget”), + Old French suffix -ault, -aud. Cognate with Old High German marrjan, marren (“to obstruct, hinder”), Old Saxon merrian (“to hinder, waste”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan, “to offend”). Related to mar.
premortem
Origin
From pre- (“before”) + Latin mortem (accusative singular of mors (“death”)), after post mortem.
reliquiae
Origin
From Latin reliquiae.
primacy
Origin
From Old French primacie, from Medieval Latin primatia (“office of a church primate”), from Latin primas plus a suffix corresponding to -acy. By surface analysis, prime + -acy.