Etymology — The Origins of English Words

Inherited from Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).

From Anglo-Norman, from Old French apelant.

PIE word *dwóh₁ Learned borrowing from Latin vituperātus (“censured; disparaged”), perfect passive participle of vituperō (“to blame, scold, tell off; to censure; to disparage, find fault with”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from vitium (“blemish, defect, flaw, imperfection; crime, misdeed, wrongdoing; fault, error, sin; vice; disease (of plants)”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo- (“apart; wrong”), from *dwóh₁ (“two”)) + parō (“to acquire, get, obtain, procure; to arrange, order; to contrive, design; to furnish, provide; to produce; to decide, resolve”) (from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to get, procure; to produce; to bring forward; to bring forth, carry forth; to go through”)).

From Middle French alluder, from Latin alludere (“to play with or allude”), from ad + ludere (“to play”). See also al-.

From Latin antitheticus + -al.

From victim + -ization or victimize + -ation.

From wrong + doer.

From Middle English artificer, from Middle French artificier, from Latin artificiarius.

From French archiduchesse, feminine of archiduc, corresponding to archduke + -ess or arch- + duchess.

From Middle English aungelicale, from Latin angelicus + -al; equivalent to angel + -ical.

From Middle English vesture (noun) and vesturen (verb), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French vesteüre, from Vulgar Latin vestītūra (“clothing”), from Latin vestītus, perfect passive participle of vestiō (“to clothe”), from vestis (“garment”).

From Middle French adulteration and its etymon Latin adulterātĭō. By surface analysis, adulterate + -ion.

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulus, a misspelling of Latin ānulus (“ring, especially one worn on a finger”), from ānus (“ring”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂-n-o- (“ring”), from an uncertain root) + -ulus (diminutive suffix). The plural form annuli is a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulī.

From Middle English viciousnesse; equivalent to vicious + -ness.

From anchor + person, by analogy with anchorman.

From Latin abrādō (“scrape off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”). First attested in 1677.

From Latin annihilābilis, from annihilō. Equivalent to annihilate + -able.

Partly from ambrosia and partly from Latin ambrosius, + -al.

From unlucky + -ly or un- + luckily.

Learned borrowing from Latin alumna.

From a- + mound, compare amass; possibly influenced by amount.

From antipode + -al.

From Ancient Greek ἀνθρωποειδής (anthrōpoeidḗs). By surface analysis, anthrop- + -oid.

From Middle French affiance, from affier (from Medieval Latin affīdāre, from *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere) + -ance.