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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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syndactyly
Origin
From syn- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”) + -y.
torta
Origin
Borrowed from Spanish torta, from Latin turta, thought to derive from Latin tŏrta f (“twisted”). Doublet of torte and tart.
tainture
Origin
Perhaps taint + -ure; perhaps from Middle French tainture (“dye; dyeing; tincture”). Doublet of teinture, tinctura, and tincture.
tankful
Origin
From tank + -ful.
topographer
Origin
From topography + -er.
tintinnabulum
Origin
From Latin tintinnābulum (“a small monastic bell”).
sybaritic
Origin
Learned borrowing from Latin Sybarīticus (“of or pertaining to Sybaris or its inhabitants”) + English -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, forming adjectives from nouns). Sybarīticus is derived from Ancient Greek Συβαρῑτικός (Subarītikós), from Σῠβᾰρῑ́της (Sŭbărī́tēs, “(noun) inhabitant of Sybaris; (adjective) decadent; self-indulgent”) (from Σῠ́βᾰρῐς (Sŭ́bărĭs, “Sybaris”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming demonyms)) + -κός (-kós, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as Sybarite (“inhabitant of Sybaris”) + -ic. Sybaris, a city of Magna Graecia (the coastal parts of Sicily and southern Italy once colonized by Greek settlers), was known for its wealth and the excesses and hedonism of its inhabitants.
tilth
Origin
From Middle English tilthe, from Old English tilþ, tilþe, corresponding to till + -th (abstract nominal suffix).
toecap
Origin
From toe + cap.
tiebreaker
Origin
From tie + breaker.
tallow
Origin
From Middle English talow, talgh, from Old English *tealh, *tealg, (compare Old English tælg, telg (“dye”)), from Proto-West Germanic *talg, from Proto-Germanic *talgaz (compare Dutch talg, German Talg), from Proto-Indo-European *del- (“to flow”) (compare Middle Irish delt (“dew”), Old Armenian տեղ (teł, “heavy rain”)).
tift
Origin
Compare Norwegian teft (“a scent”). See tiff (“noun”).
tinselly
Origin
From tinsel + -y.
technic
Origin
Partly from Latin technicus and partly from Ancient Greek τεχνικός (tekhnikós); probably modelled on German Technik. Doublet of technique.
tarsometatarsus
Origin
From tarso- + metatarsus.
thecal
Origin
From theca + -al.
tauten
Origin
From taut + -en.
throughput
Origin
From through + put (after input and output).
tagger
Origin
From tag + -er.
timidity
Origin
From timid + -ity, from Middle French timidité, from Latin timiditātem.
tapori
Origin
Borrowed from Hindi टपोरी (ṭaporī), from Marathi टपोरी (ṭaporī).
tonicity
Origin
From tonic + -ity.
tinhorn
Origin
From tin + horn, from gambling.
telic
Origin
From the Ancient Greek τελῐκός (telĭkós, “final”), from τέλος (télos, “end”).