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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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stopple
Origin
From Middle English stopple, stoppel, stoppell, from Old French estopail, estopaille. By surface analysis, stop + -le.
stilt
Origin
From Middle English stilte, stulte, from Old English *stilte, *stylte, from Proto-Germanic *stiltijǭ, *staltijǭ, *stultijǭ (“stilt”), from Proto-Germanic *stelt- (“to be stiff”). Akin to Danish stylte, Dutch stelt, German Stelze.
splanchnic
Origin
From New Latin splanchnicus, from Ancient Greek σπλαγχνικός (splankhnikós), from σπλάγχνα (splánkhna, “viscera”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”).
stour
Origin
From Middle English store, stoor, stour (“tall, powerful”), from Old English stōr (“tall, great, mighty, strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōr, from Proto-Germanic *stōraz, *stōrijaz (“great, big, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā-r-, *stō-r- (“steadfast, firm; standing tall; big, bulky”). Cognates Akin to Scots stour (“tall, large, great, stout”), Saterland Frisian stor (“great, many”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian stor (“large, great”), Icelandic stórr (“large, tall”), Polish stary (“old, ancient”), Albanian stër- (“big, huge”). Compare also stoor, steer, stately.
swack
Origin
Unknown. Speculatively, may be an extension of the sharp blow sense. Compare whack in the sense of "large portion of something".
subitaneous
Origin
From Latin subitaneus. Doublet of sudden.
strummer
Origin
From strum + -er.
spellwork
Origin
From spell + work.
stickle
Origin
From Middle English *stikel, *stykyl (in compounds), from Old English sticel (“a prickle, sting, goad”), from Proto-Germanic *stiklaz, *stikilaz (“sting, stinger, peak, cup, goblet”), related to the verb *stikaną (“to stick”). Cognate with Dutch stekel, Icelandic stikill, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls) (whence Russian стекло́ (stekló, “glass”), Polish szkło (“glass”), Lithuanian sti̇̀klas, Romanian sticlă).
stooshie
Origin
Probably from Scots stooshie, possibly a contraction of English ecstasy. Perhaps related to English stoush.
stridulation
Origin
1838, from earlier term stridulous; from Latin strīdulus (“giving a shrill sound, creaking”), from strīdō (“utter a shrill or harsh sound; creak, shriek, grate, hiss”).
steadfastness
Origin
From Middle English stedfastnesse, stedefastnesse, from Old English stedefæstnes (“steadfastness”), equivalent to steadfast + -ness.
stellify
Origin
From Middle English stellifien (“to make into a star; glorify, deify”), from Middle French stellifier, from Medieval Latin stellificāre, itself from Latin stella (“star”) + faciō (“make, do”).
suchou
Origin
A variant of Su-chou, the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of various Chinese placenames now written Suzhou, q.v.
supervacaneous
Origin
From Latin supervacāneus; compare Italian supervacaneo, Portuguese supervacâneo, Spanish supervacáneo.
supervene
Origin
From Latin supervenīre (“come over or upon, overtake”), from super (“above”) + veniō (“come”).
sportscast
Origin
From sports + -cast, from broadcast.
stook
Origin
From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”). The modern vocalism is of Northern dialectal origin (for expected stuck; compare duck, puck, and suck). Cognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).
steek
Origin
From Scots steek, from Middle English steke (“to enclose”) and Middle Dutch steken (“to stitch”). Noun from Scots steek (“stitch”), from Middle Dutch steek (“stitch”). More at stick, stitch.
suspire
Origin
Late Middle English, from Latin suspīrāre. Cognate with Old French sospirer (modern soupirer) and Spanish suspirar.
sodomitess
Origin
Translation for the Hebrew word "kedeshah" in Deuteronomy 23:17.
smallclothes
Origin
From small + clothes.
smutty
Origin
From smut + -y. Related to German schmutzig (“filthy, dirty, smutty”).
smotheriness
Origin
From smothery + -ness.