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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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storyline
Origin
From story plus line.
subtitle
Origin
From sub- ("below") plus title.
anorexic
Origin
From anorexia plus the adjective suffix -ic.
autistic
Origin · 1913
From autism plus the adjective-forming suffix -istic. The clinical sense was first used in 1913 and refined by psychiatrist Leo Kanner in 1943.
Barnes
Old Norse
* As an English surname, from the place on the bank of the Thames, derived from the root of the noun barn. * Also as an English surname, variant of Barne, from both a Middle English personal name from Old Norse Bjǫrn and Old English Beorn, and from the noun barn (“child”). Semantically compare Child. * As an Irish surname, Anglicized from Ó Bearáin (literally “descendant of Bearán”), a byname from bior (“spear”). * As a French surname, variant of Bernes, from a short form of a Germanic name derived from Frankish *berō (“bear”), similar to Bernhard. * As a Jewish surname, variant of Parnes, from Yiddish פּרנס (prns), from Hebrew פַּרְנָס (“leader of a Jewish community, provider”).
Campbell
Origin
From the Scottish surname Campbell, itself from Gaelic caimbeul, "crooked mouth". The duck breed was named after its developer, Adele Campbell.
Wilhelmina
German
Borrowed from German Wilhelmina, equivalent to Wilhelm + -ina.
Lancaster
Old English
From Old English, "the Roman fort on the River Lune," from Lune plus ceaster ("town").
nutritious
Latin
A learned borrowing from Latin nutritius, related to nutrire, "to nourish".
boastful
Origin
From boast plus the suffix -ful.
aptly
Origin
From apt plus the adverb-forming suffix -ly.
trove
French
Shortened from the phrase "treasure trove," where French trouvé, "found," was mistakenly treated as part of an English noun.
twosome
Middle English
Formed in Middle English from "two" plus the old suffix "-some," which is also seen in words like "foursome" and "handsome."
legality
Origin
Formed from legal plus the noun suffix -ity.
bookmark
Middle English
From Middle English forms of "book" plus "mark," first used for a physical page marker before being borrowed for the digital shortcut.
cutlass
Old French
From Middle French coutelas, from Old French coutel, "knife," with an augmentative ending meaning roughly "big knife."
Diwali
Sanskrit
From Hindi दिवाली (divālī), from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali), literally "row of lights".
bloodshed
Origin
From the phrase "blood shed," using "shed" as the past participle of "shed" (to spill).
windbreaker
Origin
Originally a trademarked brand name for this type of jacket, from wind + breaker.
armada
Latin
Borrowed from Spanish armada ("fleet, navy"), ultimately from Latin arma ("weapons, arms") — it shares a root with the English word "army."
bullock
Old English
From Old English bulluc, from bull + the diminutive suffix -ock.
carny
Origin
A shortened, informal form of "carnival," with the "-y" ending common in casual nicknames.
chauvinist
French
Named after Nicolas Chauvin, a (possibly legendary) French soldier famous for his fanatical devotion to Napoleon; the word later broadened from extreme patriotism to any excessive, biased loyalty, especially "male chauvinist" for sexist men.
childless
Origin
Formed from "child" plus the suffix -less, meaning "without."