Czech–English dictionary

sub-

Under, beneath.

subatomový

(physics) Relating to particles that are constituents of the atom, or are smaller than an atom; such as proton, neutron, electron, etc.

subdodavatel

A person or company that performs specific tasks like electrical or plumbing work in construction projects.

subdurální

(anatomy) Located beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid mater.

subglaciální

Formed or occurring beneath a glacier or other body of ice.

subjekt

(grammar) The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the passive voice the subject is the target of the action.

subklinický

(medicine, of a disease or injury) Without signs and symptoms that are detectable by physical examination or laboratory test; not clinically manifest.

submisivní

Meekly obedient or passive; obsequious.

substance

The essential part of anything; the most vital part.

substantivum

(grammar, narrowly) A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as person, animal, place, word, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea: one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English.

subvence

Financial support or assistance, such as a grant.

suchar

A dull person with conventional thoughts.

sucho

A period of unusually low rainfall, longer and more severe than a dry spell.

suchozemský

Living or growing in or on land (as opposed to other habitat); not aquatic, etc.

suchý

Very dry.

suchý zip

A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.

sud

(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). The word is sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.

Súdán

Republic of the Sudan, since 1955

Súdánec

A person from Sudan or of Sudanese descent.

súdánský

Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Sudan, or the Sudanese people.

sudí

A person officiating at a sports event, a contest, or similar; referee.

sudý

(not comparable, of an integer) Divisible by two.

súfijec

A mystic Muslim; a Muslim ascetic; a practitioner of Sufism.

suflér

(theater) The person who does the prompting.

sufražetka

(historical) A female supporter, often militant, of women's right to vote in the early 20th century, especially in Great Britain.

suk

The whorl left in lumber by the base of a branch growing out of the tree's trunk.

šukat

(informal, chiefly, UK, ambitransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).

sukně

(pejorative, slang) A woman.

sukovitý

Knotty and misshapen.

sukulent

A succulent plant.

sukulentní

(botany) Having fleshy leaves or other tissues that store water.

sůl

Of water: containing salt, saline.

sulc

A meat or fish jelly.

sulfid

(chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of sulphur, ( R1.S.R2 ); they tend to be foul-smelling. When R2 is a hydrogen atom, they are termed thiols or thioalcohols.

sulfit

(American spelling, inorganic chemistry) Any salt of sulfurous acid.

sulfonamid

(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of antibiotics; a sulfa drug

sultán

A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1957) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.

suma

A quantity of money.

šumařit

(intransitive) To play the fiddle or violin, particularly in a folk or country style.

Sumatra

The largest island entirely in Indonesia and the world’s sixth largest island.

sumec

The meat of such a fish, popular in the Southern U.S. and Central Europe.

šumění

The sound of such an emission.

Sumer

A person of Sumer.

sumerský

Of, from or pertaining to Sumer.

sumerština

(linguistics) The ancient language spoken in Sumer, a language isolate.

šumět

To make a soft rustling or murmuring sound.

šumivé víno

(countable, uncountable, informal) Any sparkling white wine.

šumivý

(specifically, of a beverage) Containing dissolved gas (usually carbon dioxide); fizzy.

summit

(by extension) An assembly or gathering of the leaders of countries to discuss issues of international significance; also (loosely) , an important or high-level gathering or meeting.

šumot

A murmuring sound; rushing, rustling, or whistling sound.

sundat

(chiefly, clothing) To remove or take off (something worn on the body such as armour or clothing, or something carried).

sundat masku

(transitive) To remove a mask from someone.

sundat si

(chiefly, clothing) To remove or take off (something worn on the body such as armour or clothing, or something carried).

šunka

(countable) A thigh and/or buttock of a hog slaughtered for meat; (occasionally) the corresponding cut from some other animal.

šunkový

Resembling or characteristic of ham.

sunnita

A follower of Sunni Islam.

sunnitský

Belonging or relating to the branch of Islam based on the Qur'an, the Kutub al-Sittah (the hadiths which record the Sunnah) and that places emphasis on the Sahabah.

sunout se

(ergative, sometimes, figurative) To drive, impel, or flow onward with a steady, wave-like motion.

šupa

(UK, informal) An attempt at doing something.

super

(US, slang, dated) Very good.

super-

superior in title or status

superhrdina

Any fictional crime-fighting character, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature; a fictional hero who does great things.

superhvězda

Someone who has accumulated a vast amount of fame; a high-level celebrity.

superlativ

(grammar) The degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb used when comparing three or more entities in terms of a certain property or a certain way of doing something. In English, the superlative of superiority is formed by adding the suffix -est or the word most (e.g. tiniest, most fully); the superlative of inferiority, by adding the word least (e.g. least big, least fully).

superman

A man of extraordinary or seemingly superhuman powers.

supermarket

A chain of such stores.

supermodelka

A highly paid, famous fashion model.

supernova

(star) A powerful and bright explosion of a massive star, which afterwards becomes a neutron star or a black hole, or is destroyed.

superschopnost

(countable, originally, fiction) An extraordinary physical or mental ability, especially possessed by a superhero or supervillain.

supersonický

(of a speed) Greater than the speed of sound (in the same medium, and at the same temperature and pressure).

superstar

Someone who has accumulated a vast amount of fame; a high-level celebrity.

supervelmoc

(countable) A sovereign state with dominant status on the globe and a very advanced military, especially the United States or formerly the Soviet Union.

supět

(ambitransitive) To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.

šupina

Part of an overlapping arrangement of many small, flat and hard pieces of keratin covering the skin of an animal, particularly a fish or reptile.

šupinatý

Covered or abounding with scales.

šupinový

Covered or abounding with scales.

supinum

(grammar, also, attributively) (obsolete terminology) The 'to'-prefixed infinitive in English or other Germanic languages, so named because the infinitive was regarded as a verbal noun and the 'to'-prefixed form of it was seen as the dative form of the verbal noun; the full infinitive.

šuplík

An open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it, used for storing clothing or other articles.

suplika

(law, by extension) A formal written application made to a magistrate or court for an order or a suit for divorce. [from 1730s]

supot

A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp: the panting of animals such as a dog with their tong hung out- as a form of thermoregulation.

súra

Any of the 114 chapters of the Quran.

surfař

A person who rides a surfboard.

surfovací prkno

A shaped waterproof plank, usually made of wood or foam and reinforced plastic, used to surf on waves.

surikata

Suricata suricatta, a small carnivorous mammal of the mongoose family, from the Kalahari Desert, known for its habit of standing on its hind legs.

surová kůže

The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).

surovec

A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person, particularly one who is dim-witted. [from 17th c.]

surový

In a natural, untreated state.

surrealismus

(art) An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

šušeň

(US, Canada, Philippines, slang) A piece of solid or semisolid mucus in or removed from a nostril.

sušená ryba

A cod (or similar fish) having been cut open and cured in the open air without salt.

sušená švestka

The dried, wrinkled fruit of certain species of plum.

sušená treska

A cod (or similar fish) having been cut open and cured in the open air without salt.

sušenka

(UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes, Canada, rare) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.

sušený

Usually of foods: cured, preserved by drying.

suši

(proscribed) Raw fish, especially as a Japanese dish.

sušička

(most often) Short for clothes dryer, tumble dryer

sušit

(transitive, figurative) To exhaust; to cause to run dry.

suspenzor

(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.

šusťákovka

A thin outer coat designed to resist wind chill and light rain.

šustit

(ergative) To move (something) with a soft crackling sound.

šustot

A soft crackling sound similar to the movement of dry leaves.

suť

(geology) Broken and angular rock fragments underlying alluvial deposits.

sutana

An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations. [from 17th c.]

suterén

(architecture) A floor of a building below ground level.

sutiny

Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.

suvenýr

An item of sentimental value, that is given or kept to remember an event or location.

suverén

A monarch; the ruler of a country.

suverenita

Self-confidence; poise; composure.

suverénní

(of people or behaviour) Overly bold or self-assertive to the point of being insensitive, tactless or impudent; shameless.

suverénní chůze

A bold or arrogant strut.

sužovat

(transitive) To make uneasy, restless.

sv.

Abbreviation of Saint.

svačina

A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment.

svádění

The act of seducing.

svádět

(slang) To seduce or flirt with.

švadlena

A woman who sews clothes professionally.

švadrona

(military, historical, army) A body of cavalry comprising two companies or troops, averaging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred soldiers.

švagrovství

A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).

svah

A slope or incline.

svahilština

An agglutinative language of the Bantu branch widely spoken in East Africa. Born in its modern form from the hybridization of the Arabic and Bantu cultures, it was the language of the traders in East Africa, and spread along the routes of trade.

svalit

(transitive) To push or throw over.

svalit se

(intransitive) To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.

svalnatý

Characterized by brawn; muscular, thewy; strong.

svalnatý žaludek

A specialized organ constructed of thick muscular walls found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (including crocodilians and birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans, and used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit.

svalovec

(bodybuilding) A man with developed muscles.

svalový

(relational) Of, relating to, or connected with muscles.

svaly

Strong muscles or lean flesh, especially of the arm, leg or thumb.

svár

A state of long-standing mutual hostility.

svářeč

One who welds, or wields.

svářet

(transitive) To join two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination.

svařit

To heat and spice something, such as wine.

svárlivý

Easily offended and ready to bicker.

svařování

joining two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination, or

svastika

(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

Svatá

A title given to a saint, often prefixed to the person's name.

svatba

A marriage ceremony; a ritual officially celebrating the beginning of a marriage.

svatební cesta

A trip taken by a newly married couple during this period.

svátek

An event or series of special events centred on the celebration or promotion of some theme or aspect of the community, often held at regular intervals.

svatokrádež

Desecration, profanation, misuse or violation of something regarded as sacred.

svatokupectví

The buying or selling of spiritual or sacred things, such as ecclesiastical offices, pardons, or consecrated objects.

svatost

The state or condition of being holy.

svátost smíření

(Roman Catholicism) Ellipsis of sacrament of reconciliation (“a sacrament (sacred ritual) also called confession, involving contrition by a person, confessing sins to a priest, penance performed by the person, and absolution granted by the priest”).

svatozář

Radiance of luminous cloud that surrounds the figure in a painting of a sacred personage.

Svatý

A title given to a saint, often prefixed to the person's name.

Svatý grál

(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.

svatyně

The consecrated (or sacred) area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar.

svaz

A club, society or umbrella organisation so formed, especially a trade union.

svázat

(transitive) To put together in a cover, as of books.

svazek

(countable) A group of objects held together by wrapping or tying.

svazový

Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations.