spine in Polish

(figurative) Courage or assertiveness.

(figurative) Courage or assertiveness.

Something resembling a backbone, such as a ridge, or a long, central structure from which other structures radiate.

The narrow, bound edge of a book that encloses the inner edges of the pages, facing outwards when the book is on a shelf and typically bearing the title and the author's and publisher's name.

(zootomy, botany, mycology) A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, mushroom or plant. The botanical term technically refers to such a structure derived from a leaf or part of a leaf.