Finnish–English dictionary

galeoni

A large, three masted, square rigged sailing ship with at least two decks.

Galicia

A former kingdom and autonomous community in northwestern Spain.

Galilea

A mountainous geographic region in northern Israel.

Galilei

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.

Galitsia

former kingdom and geographical area in Central Europe, now divided between Poland and Ukraine.

galleria

A room, a group of rooms, or other space where works of art are placed on display, possibly for sale.

galleristi

The owner or operator of an art gallery

Gallia

(chiefly, historic) A historical region of Western Europe referring to areas occupied by Celts during Roman times, roughly corresponding to modern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, and parts of Northern Italy (Lombardy), the Netherlands, and Germany west of the Rhine.

gallialainen

(historical) Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.

Galway

A city in County Galway, Ireland.

gambiitti

(chess) An opening in chess in which a minor piece or a pawn is sacrificed to gain an advantage.

gämblätä

To play risky games, especially casino games, for monetary gain.

gamma

(slang) The drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.

gammafunktio

(mathematics) The Gamma function, symbolized by Γ.

gammon

(backgammon) A victory in backgammon achieved when the opponent has not borne off a single stone.

gan-kiina

One of the major varieties of Chinese, spoken in Jiangxi province.

Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement, and proponent of nonviolence.

Ganesha

(Hinduism) A Hindu god of intellect, wisdom, gates, and beginnings, son of Parvati and Shiva.

Ganges

A river in India and Bangladesh, sacred within Hinduism.

gangesingaviaali

A crocodilian of species Gavialis gangeticus, of the family Gavialidae.

gangreeni

The necrosis and rotting of flesh, usually caused by lack of blood supply.

gangsteri

A member of a criminal or street gang.

ganja

(uncountable, informal, originally, slang) Cannabis.

gardenia

Any of various tropical evergreen small trees or shrubs, of the genus Gardenia, having glossy leaves and white flowers.

gargoili

A carved grotesque figure on a spout which conveys water away from the gutters.

gargouille

A carved grotesque figure on a spout which conveys water away from the gutters.

garuda

A large mythical bird or bird-like creature that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Garuda is the son of Vinata.

gaselli

An antelope of either of the genera Gazella (mostly native to Africa), Procapra (native to Asia), Eudorcas, or Nanger, capable of running at high speeds for long periods.

gastronomia

The study of the relationship between food and culture.

gastronominen

Of or pertaining to gastronomy.

gaviaali

A crocodilian of species Gavialis gangeticus, of the family Gavialidae.

gay

(now, _, chiefly, in plural) A homosexual, especially a male homosexual.

Gaza

A city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine in the Levant; in full, Gaza City.

gazpacho

A cold soup of Spanish origin, made with olive oil, vinegar, bread and raw vegetables such as tomatoes, garlic, onion, cucumber and sweet peppers.

ge'ez

An Ethiopian language which is extinct but still used liturgically.

ge’ez

An Ethiopian language which is extinct but still used liturgically.

gee

The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

geeli

A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal.

geeliytyä

(intransitive) To become a gel.

geeni

A producer of something, or an agent in the production of something.

geenikartoitus

(biology) The process of locating genes on a chromosome.

geenimuunnos

(genetics) A different sequence of a gene (locus).

geenimuutos

(genetics) Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material.

geeniperimä

(genetics) The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism. [from 1930]

geenivirhe

Any alteration in the DNA chemical structure occurring during DNA replication, recombination or repairing.

Gehenna

In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation.

gei

(now, _, chiefly, in plural) A homosexual, especially a male homosexual.

geiša

A Japanese female entertainer skilled in various arts such as tea ceremony, dancing, singing and calligraphy.

geisha

A Japanese female entertainer skilled in various arts such as tea ceremony, dancing, singing and calligraphy.

gekko

Any lizard of the family Gekkonidae of small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and adhesive toes enabling them to climb on vertical and upside-down surfaces.

gelatiini

A protein derived through partial hydrolysis of the collagen extracted from animal skin, bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.

gelatiininen

Of or referring to gelatin.

gelato

An Italian variant of ice cream made from milk and sugar, combined with other flavourings. The ingredients are supercooled while stirring to break up ice crystals as they form.

gelotologia

(psychology, physiology) The study of humour and laughter, and its effects on the body. [from 1964]

gemssi

A short-horned goat antelope native to mountainous terrain in southern Europe; Rupicapra rupicapra.

genealogia

(uncountable) The study, and formal recording of such descents.

genealoginen

Of or relating to genealogy.

geneerinen

Lacking in precision, often in an evasive fashion; vague; imprecise.

geneerinen tuote

A product sold under a generic name.

geneetikko

A scientist who studies genes.

geneettisesti

In a manner relating to genes or genetics.

generaattori

Especially, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

generalissimo

(military) A supreme commander of the armed forces of a country, especially one who is also a political leader.

generalissimus

(military) A supreme commander of the armed forces of a country, especially one who is also a political leader.

generalisti

(ecology) Species which can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions. A eurytopic species.

generatiivinen

Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing.

genetiikka

(biology) The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.

genetiivi

Of a grammatical case: in an inflected language (such as Greek or Latin), expressing that a thing denoted by a word is related to a thing denoted by another word as its origin or possessor; and in an uninflected language (such as English), expressing origin or possession; possessive.

genetiivinen

(grammar) Having genitive form; pertaining to, expressing, or derived from, the genitive case.

Geneviève

A en given name.

genitaalinen

Of or relating to the genitalia.

genitaalit

(by extension) Any sex organs, whether external or internal; body parts responsible for sexual reproduction or sexual stimulation.

genitive + suuntaisesti

With a parallel relationship.

Genoa

A number of places in the United States:

genomi

(genetics) The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism. [from 1930]

genotyyppi

(genetics) The part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism.

genovalainen

Of or pertaining to Genoa (Genova)

genre

A kind; a stylistic category or sort, especially of literature or other artworks.

Gent

The capital city of the province of East Flanders, Belgium.

genua

(nautical) A staysail that resembles a jib but extends aft beyond the mast.

genus

(topology, graph theory, algebraic geometry) A natural number representing any of several related measures of the complexity of a given manifold or graph.

geo-

Earth

geografia

The study of the physical properties of the earth, including how humans affect and are affected by them.

geokätkö

(geocaching) A container containing treasure in a global treasure-hunt game.

geologi

A person whose occupation specializes in the science of geology, especially at a professional or academic level.

geologia

The science that studies the structure of the earth (or other planets), together with its origin and development, especially by examination of its rocks.

geologinen

Of, or relating to geology or a geologic time scale.

geologinen kausi

(countable, poker) The entitlement of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.

geometria

(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with spatial relationships.

geometrisesti

In a geometric manner.

Georgetown

The capital city of Guyana; named for George III of the United Kingdom.

Georgia

A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi.

georgialainen

Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.

geoterminen

Pertaining to heat energy extracted from reservoirs in the earth's interior.

gepardi

(cat) A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.

gerbilli

A member of one of several species of small, jumping, mouselike rodents of the subfamily Gerbillinae, native to Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

geriatrikko

(slang) An old person.

geriatrinen

Relating to geriatrics.

germaani

A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.

germaaninen

(linguistics) The group of Indo-European languages that developed from (Ur-)Germanic.

germaaninen kantakieli

(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.

Germania

(historical) An ancient Roman term for a cultural region describing the lands in Central Europe inhabited by Germanic peoples.

germanium

A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Ge) with an atomic number of 32: a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group.

germaniumtetrahydridi

(inorganic chemistry) germanium tetrahydride, GeH4

germinal

(historical) The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.

Gestapo

(historical, Nazism) The secret police of Nazi Germany.

getto

An (often walled) area of a city in which Jews are concentrated by force and law. (Used particularly of areas in medieval Italy and in Nazi-controlled Europe.)

geysir

(planetology, geology, volcanology) A boiling natural spring which throws forth jets of water, mud, etc., at frequent intervals, driven upwards by the expansive power of steam.

Ghana

A country in West Africa. Official name: Republic of Ghana.

ghetto

An (often walled) area of a city in which Jews are concentrated by force and law. (Used particularly of areas in medieval Italy and in Nazi-controlled Europe.)

ghi

A type of clarified butter used in South Asian cooking; usli ghee.

ghostata

(chiefly, social media, slang) To stop communicating with (someone) on social media, though text messages, etc., without explanation, especially as a way of ending a relationship; hence, to end a relationship with (someone) by stopping all communication without explanation.

ghouli

(mythology) A demon said to feed on corpses.

gibboni

A small ape of the family Hylobatidae with long limbs, which they use to travel through rainforests by swinging from branch to branch.

gibitavu

(computing) Strictly, 230 (10243, or 1,073,741,824) bytes or 210 (1024) mebibytes, as opposed to a gigabyte.

Gibraltar

A peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia.

Gideon

(biblical character) A warrior judge of Israel mentioned in the book of Judges.

giga

(informal, computing) Clipping of gigabyte (“one billion (1,000,000,000) bytes”).

gigantti

Any of the gigantes, the race of giants in the Greek mythology.

gigatavu

(computing, formal) One billion (109, or 1,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 megabytes.

gigolo

A man who has a sexual relationship with a woman from whom he receives payment; a prostitute.

Gilgames

A semi-legendary king of Uruk, who is the hero of the Babylonian poem Epic of Gilgamesh.

giljotiini

(historical, also, figuratively) A machine used for the application of capital punishment by decapitation, consisting of a tall upright frame from which is suspended a heavy diagonal-edged blade which is dropped onto the neck of the person to be executed; also, execution using this machine.

gimlet

A cocktail, usually made with gin and lime juice.

gini

A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.

ginseng

Any plant of two species of the genus Panax (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius), having forked roots supposed to have medicinal and aphrodisiac properties.

ginsengjuuri

The root of such a plant, or an extract of these roots.

gladiaattori

(Ancient Rome) A person (professional or slave) who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat with another, or with a wild animal.

gladius

(historical) A Roman sword roughly two feet long.

glamour

(uncountable) Alluring beauty or charm (often with sex appeal).

glaseerata

(intransitive) To become glazed or glassy.

Glasgow

A major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland.

glaukooma

(pathology) An eye disease or disorder that is defined as a characteristic optic neuropathy, or disease of the optic nerve, possibly, if untreated, leading to damage of the optic disc of the eye and resultant visual field loss due to lack of communication between the retina and the brain, which can lead to blindness.

glitch

(uncountable, music genre) A genre of experimental electronic music since the 1990s, characterized by a deliberate use of sonic artifacts that would normally be viewed as unwanted noise.

globaali

Concerning all parts of the world.

globaalisti

Over the entire planet.

globalisti

An advocate of globalism.

globalistinen

Of or pertaining to globalism.

glooria

(meteorology, optics) An optical phenomenon, consisting of concentric rings and somewhat similar to a rainbow, caused by sunlight or moonlight interacting with the water droplets that compose mist or clouds, centered on the antisolar or antilunar point.

glossolalia

Speaking a language one does not know, or speaking elaborate but apparently meaningless speech, while in a trance-like state (or, supposedly, under the influence of a deity or spirits); speaking in tongues. [from late 19th c.]

glukoosi

(carbohydrate) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6; it is a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

gluteeni

(cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]

gluteenia sisältävä

Containing gluten.

gluteenin kaltainen

Of the nature of gluten.

glyyfi

A figure carved in relief or incised, especially representing a sound, word, or idea.

Gnat

(historical) A type of jet fighter aircraft.

gnocchi

Italian pasta-like dumpling(s) made of potato or semolina.

gnoomi

(mythology, fantasy) One of a race of imaginary human-like beings, usually depicted as short and typically bearded males, who inhabit the inner parts of the earth and act as guardians of mines, mineral treasure, etc.; in modern fantasy literature and games, when distinguished from dwarves, gnomes are usually smaller than dwarves and more focused on engineering than mining.

gnosis

(religion) An immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics.

go

(board game) A strategic board game, originally from China and today also popular in Japan and Korea, in which two players (black and white) attempt to control the largest area of the board with their counters.