Japanese–English dictionary

衰退

(economics) A period of reduced economic activity · suitai

衾

A bed covering consisting of two layers of fabric stitched together, with insulation between, often having a decorative design. · fusuma

袋

A container made of leather, plastic, or other material, usually with a handle or handles, in which you carry personal items, or clothes or other things that you need for travelling. Includes shopping bags, schoolbags, suitcases, briefcases, handbags, backpacks, etc. · fukuro

袋果

(botany) A type of primitive dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants. · taika

袋熊

A tree-dwelling marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, that resembles a small bear with a broad head, large ears and sharp claws, mainly found in eastern Australia. · fukuroguma

袋蟻食

A small marsupial carnivore, Myrmecobius fasciatus, endemic to western Australia, that eats almost exclusively termites. · fukuroarikui

袋鼠

Any American marsupial of the family Didelphidae in the order Didelphimorphia. · fukuronezumi

袖

The part of a garment that covers the arm. [from 10th c.] · sode

袖口

The end of a shirt sleeve that covers the wrist. · sodeguchi

被せ

A crown for covering a tooth. · kise

被せる

(transitive) To lay, spread, or apply (something) over or across (something else); to overspread. · kabuseru

被る

(intransitive) To undergo hardship. · kaburu

被乗数

(arithmetic) A number that is to be multiplied by another (the multiplier). · hijōsuu

被告

(legal) The person charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case. · hikoku

被告席

(law) Part of a courtroom where the accused sits. · hikokuseki

被害者

One who is harmed or killed by a crime or scam. · higaisha

被後見人

A person under guardianship. · hikōkennin

被扶養者

A person who relies on another for support or sustenance, particularly financial support. · hifuyōsha

被検体

A human, animal, or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc; especially, one being studied in a scientific experiment, such as a clinical trial. · hikentai

被検者

A human, animal, or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc; especially, one being studied in a scientific experiment, such as a clinical trial. · hikensha

被演算子

(mathematics, computing) A quantity to which an operator is applied (in 3 - x, the operands of the subtraction operator are 3 and x). · hienzanshi

被災者

One who is harmed or killed as a result of a natural or man-made disaster or impersonal condition. · hisaisha

被疑者

A person who is suspected of something, in particular of committing a crime. · higisha

被除数

(arithmetic) A number or expression that is to be divided by another. · hijosuu

裁き

(legal) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge. · sabaki

裁判

(legal) A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime). · saiban

裁判に掛ける

To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test. · saibannikakeru

裁判官

A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice. · saibankan

裁判所

The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases. · saibansho

裁縫

The action of the verb to sew. · saihō

裁縫師

A woman who sews clothes professionally. · saihōshi

裂く

(transitive) To extend (individual rays, limbs etc.); to stretch out in varying or opposing directions. [from 13th c.] · saku

裂ける

To catch or tear (e.g. fabric) upon a rough surface or projection. · sakeru

裂け目

An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting. · sakeme

装う

To make a false show or pretence of; to counterfeit or simulate. · yosoō

装塡する

(transitive) To fill (a firearm or artillery) with munition.

装填

(firearms) A measured amount of powder and/or shot in a cartridge. · sōten

装甲

(uncountable) A protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damaging forces. · sōkō

装着

(transitive) To supply with something necessary in order to carry out a specific action or task; to provide with (e.g. weapons, provisions, munitions, rigging). · sōchaku

装置

A complex machine or instrument. · sōchi

装飾

The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation. · sōshoku

装飾用

An ornamental plant.

装飾音

(music) A musical note, indicated on a score in smaller type with or without a slash through it, played to ornament the melody rather than as part of it. Its note value does not count as part of the total time value of the measure it appears in. · sōshokuon

裏

Situated away from the main or most frequented areas. · ura

裏側

The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen. · uragawa

裏切り

(uncountable) Treasonous cooperation. · uragiri

裏切り者

A traitor or hypocrite, such as a co-worker or friend assumed trustworthy but who figuratively attacks when one's back is turned. · uragirimono

裏切る

(transitive) To attack someone (especially verbally) unfairly in a deceitful, underhand, or treacherous manner, especially when they're not present in the place or situation that it happens. · uragiru

裏向き

Implicitly true but withheld and/or contradicted by authority. · uramuki

裏地

A covering for the inside surface of something. · uraji

裏声

(singing, uncountable) The "false" (singing) voice in any human, usually airy and lacking a purity of vowels; created by using the next highest vocal folds above those used for speech and normal range singing. It is commonly confused with the head voice register. · uragoe

裏工作

Trickery or misrepresentation. · urakōsaku

裏庭

(AU, Canadian, NZ, US) A yard to the rear of a house or similar residence. · uraniwa

裏話

The previous experiences and life of a person, specifically (narratology, especially in, _, film, television) a character in a dramatic work. · urabanashi

裏返す

(transitive) To turn something inside out or upside down. · uragaesu

裏通り

A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings. · uradoori

裏面

The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen. · uramen

裕福

An abundance of wealth. · yuufuku

補う

(transitive) Chiefly in the form eke out: to add to, to augment; to increase; to lengthen. · oginau

補償

(usually, in the plural) A payment of time, effort or money to compensate for past transgression(s). · hoshō

補助

(transitive) To provide support to; to further the progress of; to help; to assist. · hojo

補助の

Helping; giving assistance or support.

補助者

A person or group that acts in an auxiliary manner. · hojosha

補助艦艇

(nautical) A sailing vessel equipped with an engine. · hojokantei

補助艦艇の

(nautical) Of a ship, having both sails and an engine.

補填

(transitive) To compensate for, or make up a deficiency of. · hoten

補強

(transitive) To strengthen, especially by addition or augmentation. · hokyō

補文

(grammar, linguistics) A word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object. [from 19th c.]

補欠

A reserve or substitute. · hoketsu

補給

(countable) An amount of something supplied. · hokyuu

補語

(grammar, linguistics) A word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object. [from 19th c.] · hogo

補足

Additional; added to supply what is wanted. · hosoku

補部

(grammar, linguistics) A word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object. [from 19th c.]

補間

(mathematics, science) The process of estimating the value of a function at a point from its values at nearby points. · hokan

補集合

(set theory) The set that contains exactly those elements belonging to the universal set but not to a given set. · hoshuugō

裸

Bare, not covered by clothing. · hadaka

裸体

The state or condition of being naked; nudity; bareness; defenselessness; undisguisedness. · ratai

裸体主義

The belief in or practice of going nude in social, nonsexualized and frequently mixed-gender groups specifically in cultures where going nude in the social situation is not the norm. · rataishugi

裸足

Wearing nothing on the feet. · hadashi

製

Brand; marque; manufacturer; maker. · sei

製作者

(economics) An individual or organization that creates goods and services. · seisakusha

製品

(countable, uncountable) A commodity offered for sale. · seihin

製材

A machine, building or company used for cutting (milling) lumber, or (rarely) other hard materials such as stone. · seizai

製材所

A machine, building or company used for cutting (milling) lumber, or (rarely) other hard materials such as stone. · seizaisho

製油所

An industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into useful petroleum products · seiyujo

製粉所

The building housing such a grinding apparatus; also, any similar building that houses a similarly material activity (such as weaving, fulling, dying, etc.); the place of business comprising such a building and its outbuildings and grounds. · seifunjo

製紙

Made of paper. · seishi

製造

To make things, usually on a large scale, with tools and either physical labor or machinery. · seizō

製造する

(transitive) To bring forth, to yield, make, manufacture, or otherwise generate.

製造業者

A person or company that manufactures. · seizōgyōsha

裾

(sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying. · suso

複写

The result of copying; an identical or nearly identical duplicate of an original. · fukusha

複写する

(transitive) To make a copy using a photocopier.

複写機

A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates. · fukushaki

複利

(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest. · fukuri

複婚

(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”). · fukukon

複数

Consisting of or containing more than one of something. · fukusuu

複数形

(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something. · fukusuukei

複素数

(countable, mathematics) An assignment of complex numbers to each element of a group, in particular a finite abelian group. · fukusosuu

複製

(transitive) To make a copy of. · fukusei

複雑

Not simple, easy, or straightforward; complicated. · fukuzatsu

複雑さ

(uncountable) The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement. · fukuzatsusa

複雑にする

(transitive) To make complex; to modify so as to make something intricate or difficult.

褌

A garment worn about the loins and covering the crotch. · fundoshi

褐色

Having a brown colour. · kasshoku

褒める

(transitive) To honor; to hold in high esteem; to praise or worship. · homeru

褒奨金

An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder. · hōshōkin

褒賞

(transitive) To invest with dignity or honour. · hōshō

褪せる

(intransitive) To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color. · aseru

褻

Not formal or ceremonious. · ke

襁褓

(North America, Philippines, India) An absorbent garment worn around the crotch that retains the wearer's urine and feces, often worn by a baby or young child who is not yet toilet trained, or by an adult who is incontinent or wets the bed, out of convenience, or under extreme working conditions without access to a toilet; a nappy. · oshime

襞

(mycology) One of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, the surface of which bears the spore-producing organs. · hida

襞襟

A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s). · hidaeri

襟

The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric. · eri

襟ぐり

The line formed by the edge of an article of clothing that surrounds the neck, especially as seen at the front. · eriguri

襟巻き

A long, often knitted, garment worn around the neck. · erimaki

襟首

(anatomy) The back part of the neck. · erikubi

襤褸

A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter. · boro

襲う

(transitive) To attack, physically or figuratively; to assail. · osō

襲撃

(transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively). · shuugeki

襲歩

(of horses) A fast gallop. · shuuho

西

Situated or lying in or toward the west; westward. · nishi

西へ

Towards the west; westwards.

西北

The intercardinal compass point halfway between west and north; specifically at a bearing of 315°. · seihoku

西南

The intercardinal compass point halfway between south and west; specifically at a bearing of 225°. · seinan

西安

The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names. · seian

西方

The western world; i.e. Western Europe, the US and Canada (sometimes includes Latin America), and Australia and New Zealand. · seihō

西暦

(often, punctuated) Initialism of Anno Domini (borrowed from Latin); in the year of our Lord. · seireki

西洋

The western world; i.e. Western Europe, the US and Canada (sometimes includes Latin America), and Australia and New Zealand. · seiyō

西洋人

A native or inhabitant of the West, of the Western world—Europe and the Americas. (Also written capitalized as Westerner.) · seiyōjin

西洋将棋

A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king. · seiyōshōgi

西洋接骨木

A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.

西洋李

The dried, wrinkled fruit of certain species of plum.

西洋柊

Ilex aquifolium, a species of holly known for its use during Christmastime · seiyōhiiragi

西洋浅葱

A perennial plant, Allium schoenoprasum, related to the onion.

西洋碁

(board games, UK, Irish, Commonwealth, uncountable) A board game for two players in which the players each have a set number of pieces (typically 12 or 20, depending on the rule set), known as men, and the object is to capture each of the opponent's pieces by jumping one's own pieces over the opponent's pieces. · seiyōgo

西洋薄雪草

A European perennial alpine plant (Leontopodium alpinum), with downy leaves and small white flower heads in a dense cluster.

西班牙

A country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula. Official name: Kingdom of Spain. Capital and largest city: Madrid. · supein

西瓜

A plant of the species Citrullus lanatus, bearing a melon-like fruit. · suika

西紀

(often, punctuated) Initialism of Anno Domini (borrowed from Latin); in the year of our Lord. · seiki

西貢

(historical, or, informal) The former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam. · saigon

西部

(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West. · seibu

西部劇

(Should we move, merge or split([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary%3ARequests+for+moves%2C+mergers+and+splits&action=edit&section=new&preload=Template:rfm-sense/preload&preloadtitle=%5B%5Bnorthern+and+western%23rfm-sense-notice-en-%7cwestern%5D%5D +]) this sense?) (cinema) A film, or some other dramatic work, set in, the historic (c. 1850–1910) American West (west of the Mississippi river) focusing on conflict between whites and Indians, lawmen and outlaws, ranchers and farmers, or industry (railroads, mining) and agriculture. · seibugeki

要

To request forcefully. · kaname

要する

Naturally to demand (something) as indispensable; to need, to call for as necessary. [from 15th c.] · yōsuru

要するに

(idiomatic) In summary; briefly or simply. · yōsuruni

要る

(transitive) To have an absolute requirement for. · iru

要人

Initialism of very important person. · yōjin

要因

(causal analysis) Influence; a phenomenon that affects the nature, the magnitude, and/or the timing of a consequence. · yōin

要塞

A fortified defensive structure stationed with troops. · yōsai