Japanese–English dictionary

公害

Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.] · kōgai

公平

Just, equitable. · kōhei

公平無私

Impartiality. · kōheimushi

公式

In accordance with established forms. · kōshiki

公教

Of the Western Christian church, as differentiated from e.g. the Orthodox church. · kōkyō

公教要理

A book, in question and answer form, summarizing the basic principles of Christianity. · kōkyōyōri

公正

Just, equitable. · kōsei

公民

A legally recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.] · kōmin

公民学

The study of good citizenship and proper membership in a community.

公民権

The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen. · kōminken

公準

Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption. · kōjun

公演

(countable) A broadcast program, especially a light entertainment program. · kōen

公爵

The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess). · kōshaku

公爵夫人

The wife or widow of a duke. · kōshakufujin

公爵領

A dominion or region ruled by a duke or duchess.

公現祭

A en given name. · kōgensai

公益

An advantage; help or aid from something. · kōeki

公約

To make a solemn promise (to do something). · kōyaku

公聴会

(uncountable) A proceeding at which discussions are heard. · kōchōkai

公衆

Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country. [from 15th c.] · kōshuu

公衆衛生

The policy and practice of protecting health through hygienic measures. · kōshuueisei

公衆電話

A public telephone that requires prepayment to operate, generally via the insertion of coins or a credit card. · kōshuudenwa

公表

The communication of information to the general public etc. · kōhyō

公言

(transitive) To declare openly and boldly, as something believed to be right; to own, acknowledge or confess frankly. · kōgen

公証人

(legal, Canada, US) A notary public, a public officer who serves as an impartial witness to the signing of important documents, but who is not authorised to practise law. · kōshōnin

公認

(transitive) To grant (someone) the permission or power necessary to do (something); to permit; to sanction or consent to. · kōnin

公路

A main public road, especially a multi-lane, high-speed thoroughfare. · kōro

公転

(astronomy, transitive) To circle or revolve around another object or position. · kōten

公道

A main public road, especially a multi-lane, high-speed thoroughfare. · kōdō

六

The digit or figure 6. · roku

六つ

A numerical value equal to 6; the number following five and preceding seven. This number of dots: (••••••). · muttsu

六つ子

One of a group of six persons or animals born from the same mother during the same birth. · mutsugo

六分儀

(nautical) A navigational device for deriving angular distances between objects so as to determine latitude and longitude. · rokubungi

六十

The cardinal number occurring after fifty-nine and before sixty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LX and in Arabic numerals as 60. · rokujuu

六十代

Of or related to sixtysomethings. · rokujuudai

六十年代

(The decade of the 1860s, 1960s, etc.)

六度

(music) The interval between one note and another, five notes higher in the scale; for example C to A, a major sixth, or C to A flat, a minor sixth.

六月

The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July, containing the northern solstice. · rokugatsu

六番目

The ordinal form of the number six.

六重唱

(music) A composition for six voices or instruments. · rokujuushō

六重奏

(music) A composition for six voices or instruments. · rokujuusō

六面体

(geometry) A polyhedron with six faces. · rokumentai

共作

(countable) A production or creation made by collaborating. · kyōsaku

共働

(uncountable) The act of collaborating. · kyōdō

共匪

(pejorative, slang) A communist; a person with communist sympathies; a supposed communist infiltrator.

共同して働く

To work together with others to achieve a common goal.

共同でやる

(intransitive) To join in or form a league, union, or association.

共同主権

(international law) Joint sovereignty over a territory by two or more countries. [from 18th c.]

共同住宅

(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat. · kyōdōjuutaku

共同体

(countable) A residential or religious collective; a commune. · kyōdōtai

共和党員

(US politics) A member or supporter of the Republican Party, the more right-wing of the two main political parties in the United States.

共存

(intransitive, stative, of two or more things, people, concepts, etc.) To exist contemporaneously or in the same area. · kyōzon

共感

The ability to share the feelings of another. · kyōkan

共時性

(uncountable) The state of being synchronous or simultaneous. · kyōjisei

共有

To have or use in common. · kyōyuu

共犯

(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory. · kyōhan

共犯者

One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.] · kyōhansha

共生

A relationship of mutual benefit, especially among different species. · kyōsei

共産主義の

Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating communism.

共産主義者

(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism. · kyōsanshugisha

共産主義者の

Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating communism.

共産党員

(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.

共用

To have or use in common. · kyōyō

共用体

(countable, programming) A data structure that can store any of various types of item, but only one at a time. · kyōyōtai

共謀

Chiefly preceded by in: collaboration or collusion, chiefly for a nefarious reason. [from early 19th c.] · kyōbō

共通

Mutual; shared by more than one. · kyōtsuu

共通点

Such a shared attribute or characteristic · kyōtsuuten

共通集合

(set theory) The set containing all the elements that are common to two or more sets. · kyōtsuushuugō

共食い

The act of eating another of one's own species. · tomogui

共鳴

The ability to share the feelings of another. · kyōmei

兵卒

A soldier of the lowest rank in the army. · heisotsu

兵器

An instrument of attack or defense in combat or hunting, e.g. most guns, missiles, or swords. · heiki

兵器廠

A military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel; an armoury. · heikishō

兵士

A member of a ground-based army, of any rank, but especially an enlisted member. · heishi

兵役

Service in an army or other military organisation, whether as a chosen job (volunteering) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). · heieki

兵法

The numerous strategies and tactics available to military leaders during combat. · heihō

兵站

(military) The procurement, supply, maintenance, and transportation of equipment, facilities, and personnel. · heitan

兵舎

(military, chiefly, in the plural) A building for soldiers, especially within a garrison; originally referred to temporary huts, now usually to a permanent structure or set of buildings. · heisha

兵装

Any equipment for resistance. · heisō

兵隊

A member of a ground-based army, of any rank, but especially an enlisted member. · heitai

其々

All of a countable group (considered individually), without exception. · soso

其の

A section of a document. · sono

具体的

Explicit or definite. · gutaiteki

具体的に

For a specific purpose or reason.

具合が悪くて

Not working; out of order.

具材

One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food. · guzai

典型的

Capturing the overall sense of a thing. · tenkeiteki

典型的な

Capturing the overall sense of a thing.

典礼

An official gathering to celebrate, commemorate, or otherwise mark some event. · tenrei

典雅

Grace, refinement, and beauty in movement, appearance, or manners. · tenga

兼ねる

(transitive) To have two or more things or properties that function together. · kaneru

内々

Not in accord with the usual regulations. · uchiuchi

内乱

An epic poem by the Roman poet Lucan describing Caesar's Civil War. · nairan

内向的

(psychology) Of or characteristic of the personality of an introvert: thoughtful, reflective. · naikōteki

内在

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) The concept of the presence of deity in and throughout the real world; the idea that God is everywhere and in everything. Contrast transcendence. · naizai

内在性

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) The concept of the presence of deity in and throughout the real world; the idea that God is everywhere and in everything. Contrast transcendence. · naizaisei

内地

The continent; the principal land, as distinguished from islands or a peninsula. · naichi

内報

A piece of private or secret information, especially imparted by someone with expert knowledge about sporting odds, business performance etc. [from mid-19th c.] · naihō

内容

(uncountable) That which is contained. · naiyō

内幕

inside information, the story or truth. · uchimaku

内弁慶

Someone who constantly brags or boasts. [from late 16th c.] · uchibenkei

内気

Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach. · uchiki

内破

The action of imploding. · naiha

内線

(telecommunication) A numerical code used to indicate a specific telephone in a telecommunication network. · naisen

内腔

(anatomy) The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ. · naikō

内臓

(usually used in the plural) ; an internal organ of an animal. · naizō

内装

The inside of a building, container, cavern, or other enclosed structure. · naisō

内観

(psychology) A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states. · naikan

内訳

(uncountable) Detailed categorization, or itemization or listing, of the components of a thing; (countable) an instance of this. · uchiwake

内転筋

(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body—opposed to abductor. · naitenkin

内部

The interior or inner part. · naibu

内部の人

A person who has special knowledge about the inner workings of a group, organization, or institution.

内野

(baseball) The region of the field roughly bounded by the home plate, first base, second base and third base. · naiya

内野手

(cricket, baseball) A player who plays in the infield, which is the inner portion of the field. · naiyashu

内閣

(politics, often, capitalized) In parliamentary and some other systems of government, the group of ministers responsible for creating government policy and for overseeing the departments comprising the executive branch. · naikaku

内骨格

(anatomy) The internal skeleton of an animal, which in vertebrates is composed of bone and cartilage. · naikokkaku

円

(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric region, the set of points bounded by a circle. · en

円刃刀

A small straight knife with a very sharp blade used for surgery, dissection and craftwork. · enjintō

円周

(geometry) The line that bounds a circle or other two-dimensional figure. · enshuu

円周率

The 16th letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek. · enshuuritsu

円周長

(geometry) The length of such a line.

円屋根

(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere. · maruyane

円弧

(geometry) A continuous part of the circumference of a circle (circular arc) or of another curve. [from 16th c.] · enko

円形

(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric region, the set of points bounded by a circle. · enkei

円形機関車庫

(rail transport) A circular building in which locomotives are housed, sometimes with a turntable. [from 19th c.]

円形浮彫

A large medal, usually decorative.

円心

(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume). · enshin

円柱

(geometry) A surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve. · enchuu

円熟

Fully developed; grown up in terms of physical appearance, behaviour or thinking; ripe. · enjuku

円盤

A round plate-like object that is thrown for sport. · enban

円舞曲

A ballroom dance in 3/4 time. · enbukyoku

円花蜂

Any of several species of large bee in the genus Bombus. · maruhanabachi

円蓋

(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere. · engai

円錐

(geometry) A solid of revolution formed by rotating a triangle around one of its altitudes. · marugiri

円錐面

(geometry) A surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment of a line around another line that intersects the first line. · ensuimen

再

again, anew · sai

再び

Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.] · futatabi

再びやる

To do again.

再び語る

To tell again, often differently, what one has read or heard; to paraphrase.

再会

(intransitive) To meet up again (with someone), after a long time apart and/or without communication; to reunite. · saikai

再会した

(ambitransitive, reciprocal) To unite again.

再使用

The practice of sorting and collecting waste materials for new use. · saishiyō

再利用

(transitive, figurative) To reuse as a whole. · sairiyō

再創造

The process of creating something again. · saisōzō

再加熱

(transitive) To heat something after it has cooled off, especially previously cooked food (also in figurative senses). · saikanetsu

再帰的

(grammar) Referring back to the subject, or having an object equal to the subject. · saikiteki

再度

Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.] · saido

再建

(ambitransitive) To build again or anew. · saiken

再放送

retransmission, a repeated or relayed broadcast · saihōsō

再来

A rebirth of a soul, in a physical life form, such as a body. · sairai