Japanese–English dictionary

固定

(intransitive) To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic substance. · kotei

固定された

Fixed, rather than moving.

固定電話

(by extension) A telephone connected by such a fixed wire that allows multiple phones to operate simultaneously on the same phone number, specifically not wireless/mobile. · koteidenwa

固有

Naturally as part or consequence of something. · koyuu

国

A country or region. · kuni

国会

(often, capitalized) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America. · kokkai

国会議事堂

(US) Any building or complex of buildings in which a legislature meets. · kokkaigijidō

国内

Internal to a specific country. · kokunai

国勢調査

(cellular automata) A count of the number of individual patterns within a larger pattern, most often the ash of a soup or a methuselah. · kokuseichōsa

国土

A country or region. · kokudo

国境

The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions. · kokkyō

国外

Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. [from 1350–1470] · kokugai

国外追放

(transitive) To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of. · kokugaitsuihō

国外追放者

One who has been banished from one's own country.

国家

A country or region. · kokka

国家憲兵

A military body charged with police duties among the civilian population.

国家連合

A union or alliance of states or political organizations. · kokkarengō

国家院

A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).

国庫

A place where state or royal money and valuables are stored. · kokko

国歌

A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric. · kokka

国民

A legally recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.] · kokumin

国民投票

(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy. · kokumintōhyō

国王

A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation. · kokuō

国界

The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions. · kokkai

国立

A city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan. · kokuritsu

国籍

The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen. · kokuseki

国籍旗

(nautical) A small ship's flag used as a signal or identifying device; a small flag flown at the bow of the vessel. [from 17th c.]

国語

Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu. · kokugo

国賊

(pejorative) A traitor who collaborates with the enemy. [from 1940] · kokuzoku

国連

Initialism of United Nations. · kokuren

国際人

One who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world; a cosmopolitan person. · kokusaijin

国際刑事警察機構

The International Criminal Police Organization, an international organization facilitating police cooperation. · kokusaikeijikeisatsukikō

国際政党組織

(politics) A transnational organization of political parties of similar ideology.

国際的

In an international manner. · kokusaiteki

国際銀行間金融通信協会

(banking) Acronym of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication.

圏

(mathematics) A collection of objects, together with a transitively closed collection of composable arrows between them, such that every object has an identity arrow, and such that arrow composition is associative. · ken

圏谷

(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley. · kenkoku

園丁

One who gardens; one who grows plants or cultivates a garden. · entei

園芸

(horticulture) The process or action of cultivating the soil, particularly in a garden; the care of a garden; horticulture. · engei

圓

The unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen. · en

土

Abbreviation of Saturday. · tsuchi

土いじり

(horticulture) The process or action of cultivating the soil, particularly in a garden; the care of a garden; horticulture. · tsuchiijiri

土のう

A small bag filled with sand and used as a cudgel. · donō

土下座

The act of kowtowing. · dogeza

土佐

A city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. · tosa

土俵

An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America). · dohyō

土台

That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding. · dodai

土器

(ceramics, often, attributive) An opaque, semi-porous ceramic made from clay and other compounds. · doki

土嚢

A small bag filled with sand and used as a cudgel. · donō

土地

The part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. · tochi

土地を借りる

To hold as, or be, a tenant.

土壌

(uncountable) Soil. · dojō

土手道

A road that is raised so as to be above water, marshland, and similar low-lying obstacles, which in some cases may flood periodically (e.g. due to tides). Originally causeways were much like dykes, generally pierced to let water through, whereas many modern causeways are more like bridges or viaducts. · dotemichi

土日

The break in the working week, usually two days including the traditional holy or sabbath day. Thus in Western countries, Saturday and Sunday. · donichi

土星

(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄. · dosei

土曜

Abbreviation of Saturday. · doyō

土曜日

The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Jewish Sabbath; it follows Friday and precedes Sunday. · doyōbi

土柱

(geology) A tall thin spire of rock that protrudes from the bottom of arid basins and badlands.

土産

An item of sentimental value, that is given or kept to remember an event or location. · miyage

土着

First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.] · dochaku

土砂崩れ

A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path. · doshakuzure

土砂降り

A heavy rain. · doshaburi

土竜

Any of several small, burrowing, insectivorous mammals of the family Talpidae. · mogura

土竜塚

A small mound of earth created by a mole's burrowing underneath the surface of the ground. · mogurazuka

土耳古

A country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in West Asia. Official name: Republic of Türkiye. Capital: Ankara. · toruko

土豚

The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.] · tsuchibuta

圧倒

(intransitive) To be flooded: to be inundated with or submerged in (literally) water or (figuratively) other things; to be overwhelmed. · attō

圧倒的な力

A literal or metaphorical force or object regarded as unstoppable, that will crush all in its path.

圧制

(figuratively, idiomatic) Ruthless and usually unrestricted control. · assei

圧制者

Someone who oppresses another or others. · asseisha

圧力

A contrasting force or impulse of any kind. · atsuryoku

圧力団体

A group of people, always allied and sometimes also formally organised, who use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and policy. · atsuryokudantai

圧搾機

A device that squeezes (compresses). · assakuki

圧政

(figuratively, idiomatic) Ruthless and usually unrestricted control. · assei

圧縮

(transitive) To make smaller; to press or squeeze together, or to make something occupy a smaller space or volume. · asshuku

圧縮機

A device that produces pressure, such as a gas compressor that produces pressurized gas. · asshukuki

圧迫

The act of oppressing, or the state of being oppressed. · appaku

在りし日

(poetic) A time long past. · arishihi

在り来りの発言

(countable) An often-quoted saying that is supposed to be meaningful but has become unoriginal or hackneyed through overuse.

在る

(now, usually, literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive. · aru

在位

The period during which a monarch rules. · zaii

在外

(rare, Scotland) Countries or lands abroad. [First attested in the mid 19th century.] · zaigai

在庫

(operations) The stock of an item on hand at a particular location or business. · zaiko

在所

(with a possessive) A location; where something is situated. · zaisho

在籍

(transitive) To cause to occupy a post, site, or situation; to station; to establish; to fix; to settle. · zaiseki

在野党

(politics) A political party or movement opposed to the party or government in power. · zaiyatō

地

(uncountable) Soil. · chi

地に足のついた

(idiomatic) Practical; realistic; pragmatic.

地の塩

(idiomatic) A person or group of people considered to represent the most decent and admirable parts of humanity.

地上の

Relating to the earth or this world, as opposed to heaven; terrestrial.

地下

Below ground, under the earth, underground. · chika

地下勝手口

(British) An open space, below ground level, giving access to the basement of a house, and typically separated from the pavement by railings. [from 18th c.]

地下室

(architecture) A floor of a building below ground level. · chikashitsu

地下水

Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers. · chikasui

地下炭鉱

(British) An underground coal mine, together with its surface buildings.

地下炭鉱施設

(US) A facility that supplies coal.

地下牢

An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle. · chikarō

地下道

(British) An underground walkway, tunnel for pedestrians (called pedestrian underpass in US). · chikadō

地下鉄

(North America, Scotland, South Africa) A train that runs on such an underground railway. · chikatetsu

地主

A person who owns land. · jinushi

地位

A role or purpose; a station. · chii

地割

A division of land bought and sold as a unit. · jiwari

地勢

The features themselves; terrain. · chisei

地区

A particular geographic region. · chiku

地名学

(semantics) Lexicological study of place names; a branch of onomastics. · chimeigaku

地名辞典

(geography) A dictionary or index of geographical locations. · chimeijiten

地名集

(geography) A dictionary or index of geographical locations.

地味

Not glaring in color; soft and light in tone. · jimi

地図

A visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features. · chizu

地図学

(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. [from 19th c.] · chizugaku

地図帳

A bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text. · chizuchō

地図製作者

One who makes maps or charts.

地域

An area or region marked by some distinguishing feature. · chiiki

地域化する

(transitive) To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place.

地域的

Of, or pertaining to, a specific region or district. · chiikiteki

地塗

A layer of such a substance.

地塗り

A layer of such a substance. · jinuri

地境

The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions. · jizakai

地層

(geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout. · chisō

地峡

(landforms) A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses. · chikyō

地帯

(usually, capitalized) A geographical region known for a particular product, feature or demographic (Corn Belt, Bible Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt). · chitai

地平線

The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance. · chiheisen

地形

Any geological feature, such as a mountain or valley. · chikei

地役権

(law, property law) An interest in land which grants the legal right to use another person's real property (real estate), generally in order to cross a part of the property or to gain access to something on the property (right of way). · chiekiken

地方

From or in the countryside, connected with it, or typical of it. · chihō

地方化

(algebra) A ring of fractions of a given ring, such that the complement of the set of allowed denominators is an ideal.

地殻

(geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth. · chikaku

地溝

(geology) An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area. · chikō

地滑り

A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path. · jisuberi

地滑り的勝利

A vote won by a wide or overwhelming majority.

地点

A particular point or place in physical space. · chiten

地獄

In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation. · jigoku

地獄に落とす

To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment.

地球

The third planet of the Solar System; the world upon which humans live. · chikyuu

地球人

(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth, as opposed to one of another planet; specifically, a sentient member of any species native to Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.] · chikyuujin

地球儀

A spherical model of Earth or other planet. · chikyuugi

地球外

Originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; alien to Earth or its environment. · chikyuugai

地球照

(astronomy) Reflected earthlight visible on the Moon's night side. · chikyuushō

地球規模

Concerning all parts of the world. · chikyuukibo

地球規模化

The process of becoming a more interconnected world.

地理

The study of the physical properties of the earth, including how humans affect and are affected by them. · chiri

地理学

The study of the physical properties of the earth, including how humans affect and are affected by them. · chirigaku

地理的

Pertaining to geography (or to geographics). · chiriteki

地線

(British) A connection electrically to the earth ((US) ground); on equipment: a terminal connected in that manner.

地衣類

Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc. · chiirui

地質学

The science that studies the structure of the earth (or other planets), together with its origin and development, especially by examination of its rocks. · chishitsugaku

地質学者

A person whose occupation specializes in the science of geology, especially at a professional or academic level. · chishitsugakusha

地雷

(military) A mine that is placed on land and designed to explode when stepped upon or touched. · jirai

地雷原

An area in which land mines or naval mines have been laid. · jiraigen

地面

The ground, land (as opposed to the sky or sea). · jimen