Polish–English dictionary

GPS

(cartography) Initialism of global positioning system (“satellite navigation system”).

GPU

(historical) Initialism of w:State Political Directorate (“the Russian secret police until 1934”).

gra

A playful activity that may be unstructured; an amusement or pastime.

gra atutowa

A card game, also called trump.

gra fabularna

(games) Initialism of roleplaying game.

gra półsłówek

Any language deliberately constructed to disguise or distort its actual meaning, often by employing euphemism or ambiguity.

gra słów

(idiomatic) A pun, or similar humorous use of language such as a double entendre.

gra w klasy

(playground games) A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground.

gra wstępna

(sex) The acts at the beginning of a (usually human) sexual encounter that serve to build up sexual arousal.

gra wyobraźni

(games) Initialism of roleplaying game.

Graal

(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.

grabarz

sexton beetle; necrophore

grabić

(transitive, now, rare) To rob, steal from; to cheat or swindle (someone).

grabie

(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.

grabież

The act of stealing during a crisis such as a war, riot or natural disaster, when law enforcement is ineffective or absent.

grabieżca

One who engages in a raid; a plunderer.

grabieżczy

(figuratively) Exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.

grać

(intransitive, mathematics, construed with on or upon, of an algebraic structure) To possess an action onto (some other structure). Examples include the group action of a group on a set, the action of a ring on a module by scalar multiplication, and the action of a group or algebra on a vector space via a representation.

grać na trąbce

(intransitive) To play the trumpet.

grać w

(transitive, intransitive) To perform in (a sport); to participate in (a game).

Gracja

(countable) A en given name.

gracz

A person who games the system.

graczka

A person who games the system.

grad pada

(impersonal) To have hailstones fall from the sky.

gradacja

(originally, rhetoric) A rhetorical device in which a series is arranged in ascending order.

graf

someone who writes about a specified subject, or in a specified manner

grafem

(Unicode) A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system.

graffiti

(chiefly, uncountable) Drawings or words drawn on a surface in a public place, usually made without authorization.

graficzny

Forming adjectives pertaining to writing (of a type specified by the first element).

grafik

A procedural plan, usually but not necessarily tabular in nature, indicating a sequence of operations and the planned times at which those operations are to occur. [from 19th c.]

grafika

(mostly in plural) A computer-generated image as viewed on a screen forming part of a game or a film etc.

grafit

An allotrope of carbon, consisting of planes of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal arrays with the planes stacked loosely, that is used as a dry lubricant, in "lead" pencils, and as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.

gram

Something written, drawn or otherwise recorded.

gramofon

A device for playing phonograph records.

grań

(geology) A very thin ridge of rock.

Granada

A city in Andalusia, Spain.

granat

(mineral) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.

granatnik przeciwpancerny

(weapons) Initialism of rocket-propelled grenade.

granatowiec

The shrub or small tree that bears the fruit.

granatowy

Having the dark blue colour of navy blue.

grand

A high-ranking nobleman in Spain or Portugal. [from 1590s]

grandilokwencja

Lofty, pompous or bombastic speech or writing.

graniastosłup

(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.

granica

Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. [from 1350–1470]

granica międzyfazowa

(chemistry, physics) A thin layer or boundary between different substances or two phases of a single substance.

graniczący

Having a common boundary or border

graniczny

Appearing at the end; top or apex of a physical object.

graniczyć

(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

granit

(rock) A group of igneous and plutonic rocks composed primarily of feldspar and quartz. Usually contains one or more dark minerals, which may be mica, pyroxene, or amphibole. Granite is quarried for building stone, road gravel, decorative stone, and tombstones. Common colors are gray, white, pink, and yellow-brown.

granitowy

Of, pertaining to, or containing granite.

granola

A breakfast and snack food consisting of loose, crispy pellets made of nuts, rolled oats, honey and other natural ingredients.

grant

The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

granulka

A small, compressed, hard chunk of matter.

grappa

(uncountable) An Italian grape-based spirit of between 80 and 100 proof, made from the distillation of pomace.

grasejować

(transitive) To pronounce with a uvular "r".

grasejowanie

A uvular "r" sound, or (by extension) an accent characterized by this sound.

grasica

The pancreas or thymus gland of an animal, especially a lamb or calf, as food.

grasować

(intransitive) To move about in roving fashion looking for plunder; to loiter.

grasowanie

(colloquial) The act of prowling.

grat

The leather socket for holding the whip when driving, or for the carbine or lance when mounted.

gratis

Without paying; free.

gratka

(countable) An opportunity or possibility.

gratulacje

The act of congratulating.

gratulować

To express one’s sympathetic pleasure or joy to the person(s) it is felt for; to felicitate.

grawerka

(printing) The art of producing an image from an engraved printing form, typically made of copper.

grawerstwo

(art) The practice of incising a design onto a hard surface, by cutting grooves into it.

grawitacja

(physics) The fundamental force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe, caused by the curvature of spacetime caused by matter. It is the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, and possesses a gauge boson known as the graviton.

grawitacyjny

Pertaining to, or caused by, gravity or gravitation.

grawiton

(particle) A hypothetical gauge boson that regulates the gravitational force. It would have a spin of 2 and zero rest mass.

Grecja

A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Hellenic Republic. Capital and largest city: Athens.

grecki

Of or relating to Greece, its people, its language, or its culture.

Greczynka

(countable) A person from Greece or of Greek descent.

gregoriański

Of or relating to a person named Gregory, especially any of the popes of that name.

grej

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass.

Grek

Of or relating to Greece, its people, its language, or its culture.

greka

The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.

Grenada

An island and country in the Caribbean.

Grenlandia

A large self-governing dependent territory of Denmark, in North America.

gręplować

(textiles) To use a carding device to disentangle the fibres of wool prior to spinning.

gril

(US) A cooking device comprising a source of radiative and convective heat and a means of holding food above it; a barbecue.

grill

A fireplace or pit for grilling food, typically used outdoors and traditionally employing hot charcoal as the heating medium.

grillować

(transitive, intransitive) To cook food on a barbecue; to smoke food over indirect heat from high-smoke fuels.

grillowanie

A meal or event highlighted by food cooked in such an apparatus.

grób

(narrowly) An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.

grobla

An artificial obstruction, such as a dam, in a river designed to increase its depth or to divert its flow.

grobowiec

A burial vault.

grobownik

A person employed to dig graves.

grog

An alcoholic beverage made with hot water or tea, sugar and rum, sometimes also with lemon or lime juice and spices, particularly cinnamon.

grom

A lightning spark, i.e., a lightning bolt.

grom z jasnego nieba

(informal, idiomatic) A complete surprise; something totally unexpected.

gromada

(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.

gromadzić

(intransitive) To increase, to rise

gromadzić się

(ergative) To gather as a group.

gromadzić zapasy

To accumulate or build up a supply of (something).

gromić

(intransitive, transitive) To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice.

gromnica

A light source consisting of a wick embedded in a solid, flammable substance such as wax, tallow, or paraffin.

gronkowiec

A spherical gram-positive parasitic bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus, causing blisters, septicemia, and other infections.

grono

A group of people having a common purpose or opinion; a mass. [from 16th c.]

gronostaje

The white fur of this animal, traditionally seen as a symbol of purity and used for judges' robes.

gros

Twelve dozen = 144.

grot

The sharp end of an arrow, spear, or pointer.

groteskowy

Distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal, especially in a hideous way.

groza

A feeling of fear and reverence.

groźba

A perceived threat or danger. [a. 1300]

grozić

(transitive) To make threats against (someone); to intimidate.

groźny

Full of danger.

GRU

The Main Intelligence Directorate — the Soviet and then the Russian military intelligence agency.

gruba ryba

(idiomatic) A very important figure, especially a high-ranking person in an organization.

grubas

(colloquial, pejorative) Someone who is overweight.

grubawy

(slang) Rather fat; chubby.

grubiański

Not polite; discourteous; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners.

grubiaństwo

The state or characteristic of being a boor or of being boorish; boorish behaviour.

grubieć

(intransitive) To become thicker (in the sense of wider).

grubość

(uncountable) The property of being thick (in dimension).

gruby

Carrying more fat than usual on one's body; plump; not lean or thin.

gruchać

(ambitransitive) To make a soft murmuring sound, as a pigeon.

gruchanie

The murmuring sound made by a dove or pigeon.

gruchawka

(musical instruments) A musical instrument that makes a rattling sound. [from 17th c.]

gruchnąć

(ambitransitive) To make a soft murmuring sound, as a pigeon.

gruchot

The leather socket for holding the whip when driving, or for the carbine or lance when mounted.

gruczoł krokowy

The prostate gland. [from 1646]

gruda

(US, slang) A crystallized lump of crack cocaine.

grudka

A solidified mass of any liquid.

grudzień

The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.

grunge

(music genre) A subgenre of alternative rock, originating from Seattle, Washington in the early 1990s, which melds punk and metal.

grunt

The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.

gruntownie

In a thorough or complete manner.

gruntowny

With great attention to detail; complete, thorough.

grupa

A group of people having a common purpose or opinion; a mass. [from 16th c.]

grupa kontrolna

(in an experiment) The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test.

grupa nieproduktywnych pracowników

People or things judged to be superfluous to an organization or project.

grupa winylowa

(organic compound, uncountable) The univalent radical CH2=CH−, derived from ethylene.

grupować

(transitive) To put together to form a group.

grupować się

(intransitive) To come together to form a group.

grusza

A type of fruit tree (Pyrus communis).

gruszecznik

A fermented alcoholic beverage made from pears; somewhat analogous to cider.

gruszka

A type of fruit tree (Pyrus communis).

gruz

Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.

gruziński

Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.

Gruzja

A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi.

gruźlica

(pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria. [from 1839]

gruzy

Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.

gryf

A pointed projection on a horseshoe to prevent its slipping.

grymas

(in expressions such as make a face) A distorted facial expression; an expression of displeasure, insult, etc.

grymuar

(occult) A book of instructions in the use of alchemy or magic, especially one containing spells for summoning demons.

grynszpan

A blue-green patina or rust that forms on copper-containing metals.

grypa

(disease) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.

gryps

(US, prison slang) A (usually concealed) letter or oral message, especially one passed illegally into, within, or out of a prison.

gryźć

(transitive) To hold something by clamping one's teeth.

gryzmolić

(ambitransitive) To draw or scribble aimlessly.