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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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appendicitis
Origin
From appendic- (the stem of appendix) + -itis, the medical suffix meaning "inflammation of."
pinch
Latin
From Middle English pinchen, likely from Old Northern French, ultimately connected to Latin words for puncturing or striking.
fern
Old English
From Old English fearn, tracing back to a very old Indo-European word for "feather" or "leaf" — a nod to the plant's feathery fronds.
suede
French
From the French phrase gants de Suède, "gloves of Sweden" — the material was originally associated with Swedish leather gloves.
generosity
Latin
From Latin generositas, from generosus ("of noble birth", later "noble in character") — the sense shifted from noble birth to noble, giving behaviour.
generous
Latin
From Latin generosus ("of noble birth"), from genus ("stock, race") — nobility of birth came to imply nobility of character, hence generosity.
savvy
Latin
From a pidgin form of "know," ultimately from Portuguese/Spanish saber, "to know," from Latin sapere, "to taste, to know."
corruption
Latin
Borrowed from French corruption, from Latin corruptio — from the same root as "corrupt".
megalomaniac
Greek
Built from "megalomania" (from Greek megalo-, "great," plus mania, "madness") plus the suffix "-ac."
procure
Late Latin
From Old French procurer, from Late Latin prōcūrāre, "to manage or take care of," from prō ("on behalf of") + cūrō ("to care for").
spork
Origin
A blend of "spoon" and "fork," originally used as a trademark before becoming a generic name.
git
Middle English
From a Middle English word for an illegitimate child, related to "beget."
additionally
Origin
From additional plus the adverb-forming suffix -ly.
addict
Latin
From Latin addictus, past participle of addicere, "to award or bind someone to something" — originally a legal term for a court assigning a person to another's service.
procreate
Latin
From Latin prōcreō, "to beget," from prō- ("forth") + creō ("to create").
legion
Latin
From Old French legion, from Latin legio, "a gathering" or "a levied army" — related to legere, "to gather" (the same root gives us legend and lecture). The everyday sense of "a huge number" comes from the Bible, where a man possessed by many spirits says "my name is Legion, for we are many."
seducer
Origin
From seduce + -er.
cookie
Dutch
Borrowed from Dutch koekie, a diminutive of koek ("cake"), ultimately related to English "cake." It has no connection to the verb "cook." The computing sense comes from the older programming term "magic cookie," a chunk of data passed between programs.
bookie
Origin
A shortened, informal form of "bookmaker."
sexton
Medieval Latin
From Old French segrestien, from Medieval Latin sacristanus — a doublet of the word sacristan.
wretched
Middle English
From Middle English wrecched (“(adjective) characterized by or suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy; indigent, poor; of low economic or social status, lowly; (noun) miserable person”) [and other forms], from wrecche (“characterized by or suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy; indigent, poor; of low economic or social status, lowly; base, contemptible, vile; reprehensible, wicked; miserly, stingy; of little importance, paltry, worthless”) (from Late Old English wrecc, from Old English wreċċa (“an exile, outcast”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to follow, track; to hunt”)) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as wretch (“(obsolete) wretched”, adjective) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives).
Odin
Old English
From Old Norse Óðinn, related to Old English Wōden — the source of the word "Wednesday" ("Wōden's day").
mammoth
Russian
From an old Russian word, mámont, probably borrowed from a Uralic word meaning "earth horn."
miniature
Latin
From Italian miniatura, originally referring to the art of illuminating manuscripts with red pigment (from Latin minium, "red lead"). Despite the resemblance, it is not actually related to "minimum" or "minor."