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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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hindudom
Origin
From Hindu + -dom, apparently by analogy with Christendom and Islamdom.
illiberal
Origin
From Middle French illibéral, from Latin illiberalis, equivalent to il- + liberal.
goyazite
Origin
? + -ite
himmaleh
Origin
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit हिमालयः (himālayaḥ, literally “abode of snow”).
illegality
Origin
From French illégalité, equivalent to il- + legality or illegal + -ity.
humanness
Origin
From human + -ness. Piecewise doublet of humaneness.
hards
Origin
From Middle English herdes, hurdes, plural of herde (“piece of hards”), from Old English heordan (“hards of flax, tow”), weak feminine plural of heorde (“headhair”), from Proto-West Germanic *heʀdā, from Proto-Germanic *hezdǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, card”).
handcraft
Origin
From Middle English handcrafte, handecraft, hond-craft, from Old English handcræft, equivalent to hand + -craft. Cognate with Dutch handkracht, German Handkraft.
gustable
Origin
From Latin gustus (“taste”).
hibberson
Origin
From a Middle English diminutive of the given names Isabel and Hilbert + -son.
illegitimacy
Origin
From illegitimate + -cy; may also be analyzed as il- + legitimacy.
griefful
Origin
From grief + -ful.
imbrued
Origin
From imbrue + -ed.
halse
Origin
From Middle English halsen, halchen, from Old English *halsian, *healsian (“to embrace”, literally “to fall upon the neck of”), from heals (“neck”). See above. Cognate with Old Saxon helsjen (“to embrace”), Old High German halsōn (German halsen (“to jibe”)), Icelandic hálsa (“to embrace”).
heterophobia
Origin
From hetero- + -phobia.
imageboard
Origin
Compound of image + board.
gorget
Origin
From Middle English gorget, from Old French gorgete, from gorge (“throat”).
homily
Origin
From Middle English omelī, omelīe, omelye, from Old French omelie and directly from Late Latin homīlia (“homily”), from Ancient Greek ὁμῑλίᾱ (homīlíā, “homily; instruction”), from ὅμῑλος (hómīlos, “crowd, throng”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming abstract feminine nouns). ὅμῑλος is derived from ὁμός (homós, “common; same”) + ῑ̓́λη (ī́lē, “crowd”) (from εἴλω (eílō, “to aggregate”)).
hardhead
Origin
From hard + head.
honeypot
Origin
From Middle English hwny pott; equivalent to honey + pot.
hispano
Origin
Borrowed from Spanish hispano, from Latin Hispānus, from Hispānia.
hield
Origin
From Middle English heelden, helden, from Old English hieldan, heldan (“to lean, incline, slope, force downwards, bow or bend down”), from Proto-West Germanic *halþijan, from Proto-Germanic *halþijaną (“to bend, incline, pour, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to tilt, tip, incline”). Cognate with Dutch hellen (“to incline”), Low German hellen (“to incline”), Middle High German helden (“to incline”), Danish hælde (“to tilt, lean, slant, slope”), Swedish hälla (“to tilt, pour”), Icelandic halla (“incline, lean sideways, heel over”), Icelandic hella (“to pur”). See also heel.
hieroglyphic
Origin
First coined 1726, from French hiéroglyphique, from Latin hieroglyphicus, from Ancient Greek ἱερογλυφικός (hierogluphikós), from ἱερογλυφέω (hierogluphéō, “to represent hieroglyphically”), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”) + γλύφω (glúphō, “to carve, to engrave, to cut out”). By surface analysis, hiero- + glyphic.
gunshy
Origin
From gun + shy.