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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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hyperbola
Origin
From New Latin hyperbola, from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ). Doublet of hyperbole.
hautbois
Origin
Borrowed from French hautbois. Doublet of oboe and hautboy.
hadleigh
Origin
Rare variant of Hadley.
heartling
Origin
From heart + -ling.
hippotaur
Origin
From Latin hippotaurus, from Ancient Greek ἱππόταυρος (hippótauros), from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”, English hippo-) + ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”).
heartful
Origin
From heart + -ful.
hogshead
Origin
From Late Middle English hogshead, hagyshed, hogeyshed, hoggesyde, hokkeshed, Middle English hoggeshed, hogges-hed, hogeshed, hoggeshede, hoggesheed, hoggesheudes, hoggesheved, hoggishede, hoggisheed, hoggyssehed, hogyshed, hoogeshed (“measure of liquid capacity equivalent to about 63 gallons; large barrel or cask”, literally “hog’s head”), from hog, hogge (“swine, especially a castrated male swine”) + hed (“animal or human head”), equivalent to hog + -s- + head. The connection between the cask and the head of a hog is uncertain, but may refer to the shape of the cask. The word has often been borrowed into other languages as “ox-head”.
harlequinade
Origin
From French arlequinade.
homicider
Origin
From homicide + -er.
hibbit
Origin
From a Middle English diminutive of the given names Isabel and Hilbert.
gritstone
Origin
From grit + stone.
imperator
Origin
From Latin imperator (“emperor”).
heavyset
Origin
From heavy + set.
igniter
Origin
From ignite + -er.
horsely
Origin
From Middle English horsly, equivalent to horse + -ly.
goosefish
Origin
From goose + fish.
hinny
Origin
From Latin hinnus, from Ancient Greek ἴννος (ínnos), γίννος (gínnos). Possibly cognate with hinnire (“to whinny”).
grapheme
Origin
From Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “write”) + -eme. Doublet of -gram.
goldeneye
Origin
From golden + eye.
holdman
Origin
Various origins: * Occupational surname for a servant, from Middle English hold (“loyal, faithful”) + man (“man”). * Variant of the English surname Oldman. * Variant of German Holdmann.
immolation
Origin
From Middle English immolacion, from Middle French immolation, from Old French, from Latin immolatio.
gula
Origin
Learned borrowing from Latin gula (“throat, gullet”).
graduand
Origin
Attested since 1882. From Medieval Latin graduandus, gerundive of graduō (“to graduate”).
haiden
Origin
Modern fanciful spelling of Hayden.