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Etymology — The Origins of English Words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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drafter
Origin
From draft + -er.
draughtboard
Origin
From draught + board.
doughty
Origin
The adjective is derived from Middle English doughty (“brave, bold, valiant”), from Old English dohtiġ, dyhtiġ (“competent, good, strong, valiant”), from Proto-West Germanic *duhtīg. The English word may be analysed as dought + -y, and is cognate with Scots douchty, douchtie (“bold, valiant”), Dutch duchtig (“severe, strict”), German tüchtig (“capable, competent, efficient; big; hard”), Danish dygtig (“virtuous, proficient”), Swedish duktig (“efficient; good; capable, clever, smart”), Icelandic dygðugur (“virtuous, stable”). The noun is derived from the adjective.
doleful
Origin
From Middle English doleful, doolful, deolful, equivalent to dole + -ful.
dobbie
Origin
From Dobb (“a medieval diminutive form of the given name Robert”) + -ie; thus archaically equivalent to Bobby. Cognate with English Dobbin.
doofer
Origin
Respelling of “do for”, as in “it will do for that job”.
dogsitter
Origin
From dog + sitter or dogsit + -er.
docent
Origin
From Latin docēns, present participle of doceō (“to teach”). In the meaning of a university grade, as used in some Central European countries, it is clipped version of private docent, privat-docent, from German Privatdozent, from German Dozent.
disunification
Origin
From dis- + unification.
donkin
Origin
A variant of Duncan.
dojocho
Origin
From Japanese 道場長 (dōjōchō, literally “dojo chief, dojo head”).
draff
Origin
From Middle English draf, likely from an unrecorded Old English *dræf, from Proto-Germanic *drabaz.
disremember
Origin
From dis- + remember.
dight
Origin
From Middle English dighten, dihten, (also dyten, from whence dite), from Old English dihtan, dihtian (“to set in order; dispose; arrange; appoint; direct; compose”), from Proto-West Germanic *dihtōn (“to compose; invent”), of disputed origin. Possibly from a derivative of Proto-Germanic *dīkaną (“to arrange; create; perform”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵ-, *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead; shape; mold; build”), influenced by Latin dictāre; or perhaps from Latin dictāre (“to dictate”) itself. See dictate; and also parallel formations in German dichten, Dutch dichten, Swedish dikta.
dogtooth
Origin
From Middle English dogge tothe, calque of Latin dens caninus (“doglike tooth”). Equivalent to dog + tooth.
dogback
Origin
From dog + back, modelled on horseback.
discommodate
Origin
From Latin discommodatus, past participle of discommodare, from dis- + commodare (“to make fit, help”).
doucheburger
Origin
Shitgibbon compound of douche + burger.
dongbei
Origin
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東北 /东北 (Dōngběi).
duchesse
Origin
From French duchesse. Doublet of duchess.
diluvium
Origin
Learned borrowing from Latin dīluvium (“flood”), from lavō (“to wash”). Doublet of deluge.
dodgson
Origin
From Dodge + -son, from the given name Roger.
dissuasion
Origin
From Middle English dissuasioun, from Middle French dissuasion.
drainout
Origin
Deverbal from drain out.