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Etymology — The Origins of English Words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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brigid
Origin
From Irish Brighid, from Old Irish Brigit, from Proto-Celtic *Brigantī (“high, exalted”).
buttlicker
Origin
From butt + licker.
blumpkin
Origin
Portmanteau of blowjob + dump, with added suffix -kin in imitation of pumpkin; also compare words like munchkin and ciderkin.
boke
Origin
From Scots bock, attested from the 16th century.
bombinate
Origin
From Medieval Latin bombināre (“buzz, hum”), variant of Latin bombilō, from Ancient Greek βομβυλιάζειν (bombuliázein), from βόμβος (bómbos, “booming, humming”), of imitative origin.
botcher
Origin
From Middle English bocchere, bochchare, equivalent to botch + -er.
breastshot
Origin
From breast + shot.
besom
Origin
From Middle English besme, beseme, from Old English besma, besema (“besom, broom, rod”), from Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“broom”).
bigness
Origin
From Middle English bignesse (“size”), equivalent to big + -ness.
blair
Origin
From Scottish Gaelic blàr (“field, plain”).
betterness
Origin
From Middle English betternes. Equivalent to better + -ness.
buffaloback
Origin
From buffalo + back, modelled on horseback.
burqa
Origin
Borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi बुरक़ा (burqā) / Urdu بُرْقَع (burqa')), from Classical Persian بُرْقَع (burqa'), from Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ).
candlelit
Origin
From candle + lit.
brickbatting
Origin
From brickbat (noun) + -ing.
callet
Origin
Perhaps from French caillette (“a frivolous gossip”), or Irish caile (“girl”).
bewatered
Origin
From bewater + -ed.
betalk
Origin
From be- (“about, concerning”) + talk.
botheration
Origin
From bother + -ation (suffix indicating an action or process, or its result).
bletch
Origin
Probably a blend of bleck + blatch.
bramble
Origin
From Middle English brembel, from Old English bræmbel, from earlier brǣmel, brēmel, from dialectal Proto-West Germanic *brāmil, diminutive of *brām (English broom).
campanile
Origin
Borrowed from Italian campanile (“bell tower, belfry”), from campana (“bell”) + -ile (suffix forming nouns indicating locations that host animals or objects). Campana is derived from Late Latin and Medieval Latin campāna (“large bell used in late classical or medieval church towers or steeples; tower for such a bell, belfry, campanile”), and then either: * traditionally regarded to be from Latin Campāna (“region of Campania, Italy”) (because bells were supposedly introduced in Christian services in Nola, a diocese of Campania, by Saint Paulinus (c. 354 – 431), though the story has been discredited), from Campānus (“relating to the region of Campania, Italy, or its inhabitants, Campanian”), from campus (“field, plain”) (from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives, which are sometimes used as nouns); or * from Ancient Greek καπάνη (kapánē, “felt helmet”) (apparently because of the similarity in shape). The plural form campanili is derived from Italian campanili.
capsicum
Origin
Borrowed from New Latin capsicum, from Ancient Greek καψικός (kapsikós, “like a box”), from Latin capsa (“box”).
cadency
Origin
From Latin *cadentia.