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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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stretford
Origin
From Old English strǽt (“road”) + ford (“ford”). Doublet of Stratford.
sufferance
Origin
From Middle English sufferaunce, from Anglo-Norman suffraunce, from Late Latin sufferentia. By surface analysis, suffer + -ance.
stultify
Origin
From Latin stultus (“stupid, foolish”), + -ify. Compare Late Latin stultificō.
sug
Origin
From the initial letters of selling under the guise of research, especially in the market industry.
stalinabad
Origin
From Russian Сталинабад (Stalinabad). Named after Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Equivalent to Stalin + -abad.
straya
Origin
Phonetic spelling of a Broad Australian pronunciation of Australia.
stria
Origin
Borrowed from Latin stria (“furrow”).
spanger
Origin
From spange + -er (“person who does”), root blend of spare + change, from stereotyped phrase “spare change?”, “spare any change?”.
sunshiny
Origin
From sunshine + -y. By surface analysis, sun + shine + y.
susette
Origin
A form of Suzette.
stonyhearted
Origin
From stony + hearted.
sunbloom
Origin
From sun + bloom. Compare Saterland Frisian Sunnebloume, West Frisian sinneblom, Dutch zonnebloem, German Low German Sünnbloom, Sünnblööm, German Sonnenblume.
stealer
Origin
From Middle English stelere, equivalent to steal + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Steler (“thief”), West Frisian steller, stelder (“stealer”), Dutch steler (“stealer, thief”), Danish stjæler (“stealer”).
spellbinding
Origin
From spell + binding.
strengthful
Origin
From Middle English strengthful, strenkyþfull, equivalent to strength + -ful.
succuba
Origin
From Latin succuba, from succubō (“to lie under”).
spellbinder
Origin
From spell + binder.
strewth
Origin
Minced form of God's truth. Compare zounds, blimey.
suckworthy
Origin
From suck + -worthy.
spall
Origin
From Middle English spalle (“a chip”) (first documented in 1440), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from the Middle English verb spald (“to split”) (c.1400), from Middle Low German spalden, cognate with Old High German spaltan (“to split”).
sploosh
Origin
Onomatopoeic; compare splish, splash, and splosh for typically small, medium, and large objects respectively.
spatchcock
Origin
The noun is probably derived from one of the following: * A variant of spitchcock (“eel split lengthwise and broiled”). from Middle English spiche-coke, The further etymology is uncertain; the following possibilities have been suggested: ** From Middle English *speche, *spiche (“to split”) + cock, coken (“to allow (something) to cook; to cook”). ** From spik (“animal fat, especially lard”), spik, spike (“large nail; pointed stud”), or spit, spite (“rod for cooking meat, spit; pointed object”); + cok (“male of the common domestic fowl, cock, rooster”). * From Irish spot (“spot”) or spochta (the past participle of spoch (“to cut, clip”)) + coc (“male of the common domestic fowl, cock, rooster”). A derivation from (di)spatch (“to dispose of speedily; to make a speedy end of”) + cock is now thought to be unlikely. In a few texts from the 1400s–1700s the form smatchcock is found, possibly an error or an alteration under the influence of smatch (“a taste, a flavor”). The verb is derived from the noun.
subjection
Origin
From Middle English subjectioun, from Anglo-Norman subjectioun, Old French subjection (Modern French sujétion), and their etymon Latin subjectiō. By surface analysis, subject + -ion.
sterileness
Origin
From sterile + -ness.