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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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matsu
Japanese
Borrowed from Japanese 松 (matsu), "pine."
Krebs
Origin
As a German, Alemannic German, and occasionally Danish surname, from the noun Krebs (“crab”).
Keller
German
From German Keller, meaning "cellar" or "storehouse".
Jared
Latin
From Latin Iared, from Ancient Greek Ἰαρέδ (Iaréd), from Biblical Hebrew יֶרֶד (yéred). Often explained as deriving from the root י־ר־ד (y-r-d), which forms words relating to descending (see Jordan and ירדן for more); some interpret the Book of Enoch as suggesting that the Jared in the Bible was so named because it was in his time that two hundred angels descended from Heaven to Mount Hermon. Alternatively, sometimes explained as deriving from the root ר־ד־ה (r-d-), which forms words relating to ruling.
talcum
Medieval Latin
From Medieval Latin talcum, ultimately from Arabic ṭalq, the same root as the mineral "talc."
Kahn
Origin
* As a north German surname, from Low German Kane (“small boat”), from Middle Low German kāne, from Old Saxon *kano, from Proto-West Germanic *kanō, from Proto-Germanic *kanô (“vessel, boat”). * Also as a north German surname, from a short form of Kahnert, a variant of Konrad. * Among Jews, a Germanicised form of Cohen.
Shikoku
Japanese
From Japanese 四国 (Shikoku), literally "four provinces," referring to the island's historical regions.
Kyushu
Japanese
From Japanese 九州 (Kyūshū), literally "nine provinces," reflecting the island's historical division into nine regions.
Hokkaido
Japanese
From Japanese Hokkaidō, literally "North Sea Circuit," combining words for "north," "sea," and an old term for a province-like administrative region.
baldie
Origin
From bald + -ie.
helplessness
Origin
From "helpless" plus the noun suffix "-ness."
clouded
Origin
From cloud plus the adjective suffix -ed.
unwillingly
Origin
From unwilling plus -ly.
Albany
Latin
From an old Gaelic name for Scotland (Alba), which passed through Latin and Middle English into its current form.
Salisbury
Middle English
From Middle English Saresbury, from Old English *Searesbyriġ, Searobyriġ, Searoburh, from searu (“armor”) via folk etymology + byriġ, burh (“stronghold”), partial translation of British Latin Sorviodūnum, Sorbiodōnum, from *sorwjo-, *sorbjo- of unknown Celtic origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”) (compare Proto-Celtic *srutom (“a stream”)) + Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”). Dissimilation of -r- to -l- is the result of influence from Salesbury in Lancashire, from sealh (“willow”) + burh (“stronghold”). The naming of the village in New Brunswick is not entirely certain. It may be named after explorer John Salusbury (1707 - 1762) or after Salisbury in England. The civil parish in New Brunswick is named after the village. The former capital of Rhodesia was named after Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) who served three times as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
cheery
Middle English
From Middle English cheri, built from cheer plus -y.
wisteria
Latin
Named after the American anatomist Caspar Wistar, whose surname was Latinized as the genus name Wisteria.
Bellini
Origin
Named by a Venetian bartender after the painter Giovanni Bellini, whose pink-toned paintings the drink’s colour supposedly resembled.
Griff
Origin
Shortened from earlier griffin.
pointy
Origin
From point + -y.
decedent
Latin
From Latin decedens, "one who is departing" — from decedere, "to go away, to die."
bracing
Origin
Formed from brace (to support or strengthen) plus the ending -ing.
bloodless
Middle English
From Middle English blodles, from Old English blōdlēas (“bloodless”). Cognate with Dutch bloedeloos (“bloodless”), German blutlos (“bloodless”), Danish blodløs (“bloodless”), Swedish blodlös (“bloodless”), Icelandic blóðlaus (“bloodless”). By surface analysis, blood + -less.
Frack
Origin
Shortened from "fracture."