shame

The word “shame” means a painful feeling of embarrassment or guilt caused by awareness of having done something wrong or improper. In plain terms, a painful feeling of guilt or embarrassment, or — as an expression — used to say something is disappointing.

“Shame” is pronounced SHAYM (/ˈʃeɪ̯m/ in IPA).

Here is “shame” used in a sentence: “He felt a deep shame after lying to his parents.”

Words with a similar meaning to “shame” include also: Thesaurus:shame, abasement, disgrace, dishonour, embarrassment and ignominy.

The opposite of “shame” — its antonyms — are honor, exaltation and dignify.

Depending on how it is used, “shame” can be a noun and a verb.

The word “shame” comes from Old English. From Old English sceamu, going back to a common Germanic root for the feeling of shame.

“Shame” is a fairly common word in modern English, usually learned at around the B1 level.

Guilt is feeling bad about something you did — a specific action you regret. Shame is feeling bad about who you are, a sense that the self is flawed or exposed. Guilt says I did something wrong; shame says I am wrong. This is why shame tends to cut deeper and feel more personal.

Embarrassment is a lighter, passing discomfort after an awkward or clumsy moment, often in front of others. Shame is deeper and more painful, tied to a sense of having done real wrong or being unworthy. You might feel embarrassed by a trip in public, but ashamed of betraying someone's trust.

Shame is painful, but it is not simply bad. In small doses it signals that we have crossed our own moral lines and nudges us to make amends. Persistent or excessive shame, however, can damage self-worth and mental health. Its value depends on whether it guides us or overwhelms us.

The clearest opposite is pride — a positive sense of worth in oneself or one's actions. Depending on context, dignity, self-respect, or honor also stand against shame. Where shame makes us want to hide, these feelings let us stand openly and comfortably before others.