Indonesian–English dictionary

pengencer

A liquid substance used to thin the consistency of another liquid.

pengendali jarak jauh

Ellipsis of remote control.

pengendara

(generally) Someone who rides a horse or (later) a bicycle, motorcycle etc. [from 14th c.]

pengendok

(video games, derogatory) A person who stays in one spot during a first-person shooting game, to guard an item etc.

pengepungan

(military) A prolonged military assault or a blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.

pengeras suara

An electromechanical transducer that converts an electrical signal into audible sound.

pengerat

A mammal of the order Rodentia, characterized by long incisors that grow continuously and are worn down by gnawing.

pengering rambut

(chiefly, _, UK) A small electrical appliance for drying hair, by generating a stream of hot air.

pengeringan

The air drying of wood.

pengertian

(uncountable) The act of one that understands or comprehends; the mental process of discernment of meaning.

pengesahan

The act of certifying.

pengetahuan

The fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc. [from 14th c.]

pengganti

A person or thing that takes the place of another; a substitute.

penggantungan

(countable) Anything that is hung as a decorative element (such as curtains, gobelins, or posters).

penggaris

A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.

penggelapan

(legal, business) The fraudulent conversion of property from a property owner.

penggemar

A person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport.

penggentar

A person, group, or organization that uses violent action, or the threat of violent action, to further political goals.

penggerbang

A person who guards or monitors passage through a gate.

penggerebekan

(law enforcement) An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.

penggoda

(textiles) A person or thing that teases.

penggrebekan

Abruptly stern measures or disciplinary action; increased enforcement.

penggugat

(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.

pengguna

One who, or that which, consumes.

pengguna bahasa

(especially, in, _, linguistics) The producer of a given utterance, whether speech or text.

penghafalan

The act of publicly reciting something previously memorized.

penghakiman

(legal) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge.

penghala

(Internet) A device that connects local area networks to form a larger internet by, at minimum, selectively passing those datagrams having a destination IP address to the network which is able to deliver them to their destination; a network gateway.

penghalau rintangan

(rail transport, principally, _, US) A plough-shaped device affixed to the front of a locomotive (or other large vehicle), usually wedge or V-shaped so as to push or deflect objects on the tracks out of the way, to clear out the train's path and prevent the risk of derailment or major damage to it.

penghambat

(chemistry) Any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction.

penghambatan

(chemistry, biochemistry) The process of stopping or retarding a reaction.

penghamilan

The act or process of rendering fertile.

penghampiran

(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act.

penghancuran

The process of demolishing or destroying buildings or other structures.

penghantar

(physics) Something that can transmit electricity, heat, light, or sound.

penghapus

(North America, Philippines) An object used to erase or remove something written or drawn by a pen or a pencil.

penghapus papan tulis

(North America, Philippines) An object used to erase something written either by chalk on a chalkboard, by a marker on a whiteboard, or by some other erasable implement; a chalkboard eraser, whiteboard eraser, etc.

penghapusan

The act of deleting. [c. 1600]

penghasil

The primary income-earner in a household.

penghasilan

Money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others.

penghasilan kotor

Income generated before deducting expenses, taxes, insurance, etc.

penghibur

A person who entertains others, esp. as a profession, as a singer, actor, presenter, dancer, musician, magician, comedian, etc.

penghidupan

A means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income). [from 14th c.]

penghinaan

The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low. [Mid 16th century.]

penghitung

(historical) A person who performs mathematical calculation.

penghujat

One who commits blasphemy; a person who mocks or derides a deity or religion, or claims to be God.

penghuni

A person, animal or plant living at a certain location or in a certain area.

penghuni liar

One who occupies a building or land without title or permission. [from 1788]

pengial baca

A device placed near or on a television camera that displays scrolling text, allowing a person to read a script while appearing to speak spontaneously to the camera.

pengikatan

(surgery) The act of tying off or sealing a blood vessel, fallopian tube, etc during surgery; act of ligating.

pengintaian

The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.

pengintensifan

The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.

pengintensifikasian

The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.

pengiriman uang

Money which is sent to someone, typically to someone in another country.

pengisah

A person who relates stories through one medium or another to an audience.

pengkhianat

(by extension) One who betrays any confidence or trust.

pengkhianatan

The crime of betraying one’s own country.

pengki

A flat scoop with a handle, into which dust, dirt and other material is conveyed with a brush or broom.

penglihatan

Vision or the faculty of sight.

pengobatan

(broadly, countable) Any treatment or cure.

pengocok

One who, or a device that, mixes or merges things together.

pengokok

(video games, derogatory) A person who stays in one spot during a first-person shooting game, to guard an item etc.

pengokot

A device which binds together sheets of paper by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and simultaneously folding over the ends of the staple against the back surface of the paper.

pengoksidasian

The combination of a substance with oxygen.

pengolahan bahan galian

(dated) The process of extracting metals or other valuable components from minerals.

pengoprekan

The act of making a change to something while keeping its essential character intact; an alteration or adjustment. [from 18th c.]

pengoptimalan

The design and operation of a system or process to make it as good as possible in some defined sense.

pengrajin

(rare, obsolete) A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman.

penguasa

The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice.

penguatan

A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.

pengubah

A person or thing that converts.

pengubahan

(linguistics) a change to a word when it is borrowed by another language

pengucapan

(uncountable) The way in which the words of a language are made to sound when speaking.

pengucilan

The act of banishing.

pengukir

A person who sculpts; an artist who produces sculpture.

pengukur suhu

An apparatus used to measure temperature.

pengumpan

A branch line of a railway.

pengumuman

The content which is announced.

pengunduran diri

The act of resigning.

pengungkit

A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a switch or a button).

pengungsi

A person who has been evacuated, especially a civilian evacuated from a dangerous place in time of war

pengungsian

A place of safety or refuge.

pengunjung

Someone who visits someone else; someone staying as a guest.

penguntit

A person who secretly follows someone, sometimes with unlawful intentions.

penguraian

A biological process through which organic material is reduced to e.g. compost.

pengurangan

(arithmetic, uncountable) The process of subtracting a number from another.

pengusaha

A man in business, one who works at a commercial institution.

pengusiran

The act of banishing.

penilai

(insurance) A person working for an insurance company who arranges and authorizes an insurance policy with a broker or insured.

penilaian

The act of something being underwritten financially.

penindasan

Aesthetic discrimination; taste, appreciation.

peningkatan

The act of making profitable use or application of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; practical application, for example of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.

peninjauan kembali

(legal) A judicial reassessment of a case or an event.

penipu

A malicious trickster; a fake person, especially one who deceives for personal profit.

penipuan

Any act of deception carried out for the purpose of unfair, undeserved or unlawful gain.

peniru

A person who imitates or apes another.

peniruan

The act of imitating.

penisilin

(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.

penitensi

The condition of being penitent; a feeling of regret or remorse for doing wrong or sinning.

penjabat

A person who holds an office, especially one appointed or elected to a public office.

penjadwalan

(countable) The time at which a particular event is scheduled.

penjaga gawang

(sports) A designated player that attempts to prevent the opposing team from scoring by protecting a goal.

penjaga pintu

A person who guards or monitors passage through a gate.

penjahat

An outlaw.

penjahit

A person who makes, repairs, or alters clothes professionally, especially suits and men's clothing.

penjamin

(colloquial) A person who gives such a guarantee; a guarantor.

penjamin emisi

(finance) An entity undertaking to market newly issued securities.

penjaminan emisi

The act of something being underwritten financially.

penjara

A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawful custody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.

penjara bawah tanah

An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.

penjelajah

One who explores something

penjelasan

The act or process of explaining.

penjilidan

The art, craft or process of binding books.

penjinak

One who tames or subdues.

penjual

Someone who sells; a vendor; a clerk.

penobatan

(specifically, also, attributively) An act or the ceremony of formally investing a sovereign or the sovereign's consort with a crown and other insignia of royalty, on or shortly after their accession to the sovereignty.

penolak

A person who objects to something.

penolakan

(psychology) A defense mechanism involving a refusal to accept the truth of a phenomenon or prospect.

penolong

Something or someone which provides assistance with a task.

penonton

A group of people within hearing; specifically, a large gathering of people listening to or watching a performance, speech, etc. [from 15th c.]

penopang

A beam of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or structure.

pensil

A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]

pensiun

(finance) An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]

pensiunan

(chiefly, UK, Canada) Someone who lives on a pension, especially the retirement or old age pension.

pensponsoran

(uncountable) The state or practice of being a sponsor.

penstabilan

(uncountable) The process of stabilizing.

penstabiliasasian

(uncountable) The process of stabilizing.

penstrukturan ulang

A reorganization; an alteration of structure.

pentagram

The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.

pentas

A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.

pentas peraga

(fashion) A narrow elevated stage on which models parade.

pentas utama

(entertainment) The top-billed attraction.

pentil

(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female therian mammals, milk is secreted. [from 16th c.]

penting

Having relevant and crucial value; having import.

pentungan

(music) The stick of a conductor in musical performances.

penuaan

The process of becoming older or more mature.

penuduhan

(legal) A formal charge brought against a person in a court of law.

penuh

Containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available.

penulis

A person who writes, or produces literary work; an author can refer to themselves as "the writer".

penulisan

(uncountable) The process of representing a language with symbols or letters.

penumpang

One who rides or travels in a vehicle, but who does not operate it and is not a member of the crew.

penundaan

An act or instance of deferring or putting off.

penunggang

(generally) Someone who rides a horse or (later) a bicycle, motorcycle etc. [from 14th c.]

penuntun

(computing) A computer program or script used to simplify complex operations, often for an inexperienced user.

penurut

Willing to comply with the commands, orders, or instructions of those in authority; biddable.

penutur

One who speaks.

penyair

A person who writes poems.

penyakit

(medicine) An abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction; distinct from injury insofar as the latter is usually instantaneously acquired.

penyalahgunaan

Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]

penyalin cahaya

A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates.