Japanese–English dictionary

楽曲

A work of music, literature or art. [from 17th c.] · gakkyoku

楽章

(music) A large division of a larger composition. · gakushō

楽観主義

a tendency to expect the best, or at least, a favourable outcome · rakkanshugi

楽譜

A guide to playing or singing a particular tune; sheet music. · gakufu

概型

(mathematics) A mathematical structure that generalizes the notion of an algebraic variety in several ways, such as taking account of multiplicities and allowing "varieties" defined over any commutative ring. Formally, a locally ringed space that admits a covering by open sets, each of which is isomorphic to an affine scheme (i.e. the spectrum of some commutative ring).

概念

Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept). · gainen

概念的

Of, or relating to concepts or mental conception. · gainenteki

概略

A general description of some subject. · gairyaku

概略的な

Concise, brief, or presented in a condensed form; presenting information in such a form.

概算

Approximate size or amount. · gaisan

概要

An abridgement or summary of a longer publication. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] · gaiyō

概説する

To give a vague outline.

榛

The fruit of the hazel, especially Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially. · hashibami

榴弾

A small explosive device, designed to be thrown by hand or launched using a rifle, grenade launcher, or rocket. · ryuudan

榴弾砲

A cannon that combines certain characteristics of field guns and mortars, delivering projectiles with medium velocities, usually with relatively high trajectories; normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers. · ryuudanhō

榴散弾

(military) Any shot, fragments, or debris thrown out by an exploding shell, bomb, or landmine. · ryuusandan

榴霰弾

(military) Any shot, fragments, or debris thrown out by an exploding shell, bomb, or landmine. · ryuusandan

榿

Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family.

構う

(transitive, intransitive) To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about). · kamau

構内

(usually, in the plural) A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts. · kōnai

構図

(painting, photography) The arrangement and flow of elements in a picture. · kōzu

構成

The form of a thing, as depending on the relative placement of the parts of a thing's shape. · kōsei

構成員

One who belongs to a group. · kōseiin

構成素

(grammar) A functional element of a phrase or clause

構文

(grammar) A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase. · kōbun

構築

(transitive) To form (something) by combining materials or parts. · kōchiku

構築子

(object-oriented programming) A class method that creates and initializes each instance of an object. · kōchikushi

構造

(figuratively) A basic conceptual structure. · kōzō

構造体

(computing) Several pieces of data treated as a unit. · kōzōtai

槌

A tool with a heavy head and a handle used for pounding. · tsuchi

槌骨

(anatomy) The malleus, a small bone of the middle ear. · tsuchikotsu

槍

A metal-tipped spear thrown for distance in an athletic field event. · yari

槓

(mahjong) A set of four identical tiles. · kan

槓子

(mahjong) A set of four identical tiles. · kantsu

様

(North America, Philippines, formerly or traditionally UK) Abbreviation of Mister. · sama

様々

Consisting of different elements; various. · samazama

様に

Resembling, having some of the characteristics of (used to form adjectives from nouns). · yōni

様子

(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, lawsuit or other proceeding, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance · yōsu

様式

An artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, or music); an instance of such a style. · yōshiki

様相

Any specific feature, part, or element of something. · yōsō

槲

Any tree of other genera and species of trees resembling typical oaks of genus Quercus in some ways. · kashiwa

樅の木

(chiefly, countable) A conifer of the genus Abies. · mominoki

標本

A sample, especially one used for diagnostic analysis. · hyōhon

標準

A distance relative to a given reference elevation. · hyōjun

標準の

Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.

標準中国語

Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.

標準化

To make to conform to a standard. · hyōjunka

標準的な

Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.

標的

A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile. · hyōteki

標語

(heraldry) A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic achievement. · hyōgo

標識

An indication or sign used for reference or measurement. [from 14th c.] · hyōshiki

標題

(journalism) The heading or title of a magazine or newspaper article. · hyōdai

樟脳

(organic compound) A white transparent waxy crystalline isoprenoid ketone, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, with a strong pungent odour, used in pharmacy, also known as laurel camphor or common/ordinary camphor. · shōnō

模倣

Capable of being imitated or copied. · mohō

模倣的

Imitating; copying; not original.

模倣者

A person who imitates or apes another. · mohōsha

模型

A scale or full-size model of a design or device which is not fully functional, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, or other purposes. · mokei

模様

A pattern, as an element of a work of art or architecture. · moyō

模様替え

(ambitransitive) To improve the appearance of an interior of, as a house, room, or office. · moyōgae

模範

The structural design of a complex system. · mohan

模造品

(attributive) A copy or simulation; something that is not the real thing. · mozōhin

権利証

(US, historical) A specific grant of ownership of a piece of real property; a land patent.

権力

(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules, give orders, or impose obligation; or a position having such power or right. · kenryoku

権天使

(theology, countable) A spiritual being, specifically in Christian angelology, the third lowest level of angels, ranked above archangels and below powers. [from 16th c.]

権威

(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules, give orders, or impose obligation; or a position having such power or right. · ken'i

横

Perpendicular to the vertical; parallel to the plane of the horizon; level, flat. · yoko

横たわる

(intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface. · yokotawaru

横になった

(colloquial)

横になる

(intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface. · yokoninaru

横切る

(transitive, computing) To remove (text, a picture, etc.) and place in memory in order to paste at a later time. · yokogiru

横取り

(transitive, uncommon) To appropriate or lay claim to something for oneself without right. [from 1530s] · yokodori

横断歩道

(US) A point designated for pedestrians to cross a street. · ōdanhodō

横暴

(comparable) Despotic, oppressive, or authoritarian. · ōbō

横柄

Tending to impose one's demands upon others as if one were an authority. · ōhei

横浜

The capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, near Tokyo. · yokohama

横目

Sideways; obliquely. · yokome

横笛

A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music · yokobue

横糸

(weaving) The horizontal threads that are interlaced through the warp in a woven fabric. · yokoito

横腹

(anatomy) The lateral flesh between the last rib and the hip. · yokobara

横道にそれる

(intransitive) Of the mind, to lose focus or clarity of argument or attention.

横隔膜

(anatomy) In mammals, a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen, contracted and relaxed in respiration to draw air into and expel air from the lungs. · ōkakumaku

横領

(legal, business) The fraudulent conversion of property from a property owner. · ōryō

横顔

(countable) The shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view. · yokogao

樵

A person whose work is to fell trees. · kikori

樹木

A perennial woody plant taller and larger than a shrub with a wooden trunk and, at some distance from the ground, having leaves and branches. · jumoku

樹液

(uncountable) A liquid from a plant, especially fruit. · jueki

樹皮

(countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree. · juhi

樹皮を剥ぐ

To strip the bark from; to peel.

樹立

The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect. · juritsu

樺

A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture. · kaba

樺の木

A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture. · kabanoki

樽

(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). The word is sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum. · taru

橄欖色

A dark yellowish-green color, that of an unripe olive.

橅

A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches. · buna

橇

(British) any type of sled or sleigh. · sori

橈骨

(zoology) The lighter bone (or fused portion of bone) in the forelimb of an animal. · tōkotsu

橋

(dentistry) A prosthesis replacing one or several adjacent teeth. · hashi

橋梁

A construction or natural feature that spans a divide. · kyōryō

橋脚

A structure supporting the junction between two spans of a bridge. · kyōkyaku

橋頭堡

(military) An area of ground on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle, especially one that needs to be taken and defended in order to secure an advance. · kyōtōho

橘

(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit). · tachibana

橙

(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit). · daidai

橙色

Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow. · daidaiiro

機

(countable) An opportunity or possibility. · ki

機会

(countable) An opportunity or possibility. · kikai

機動

(military) The planned movement of troops, vehicles etc.; a strategic repositioning; (later also) a large training field-exercise of fighting units. [from 18th c.] · kidō

機器

(collective) An assortment of tools and instruments. · kiki

機嫌を取る

(idiomatic) To seek to gain favor by flattery or attention. · kigen'otoru

機敏

(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion · kibin

機械

A complex mechanical device which converts energy into useful motion or physical effects. [from 16th c.] · kikai

機械加工する

To shape or finish by machinery; (usually, more specifically) to shape subtractively by metal-cutting with machine-controlled toolpaths.

機械化

The use of machinery to replace human or animal labour, especially in agriculture and industry. · kikaika

機構

A bureaucratic organization, especially one influenced by political patronage. · kikō

機略

(uncountable) The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare. · kiryaku

機能

(computing) A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result. · kinō

機能不全

(mostly, medical) A failure to function in an expected or complete manner. Usually refers to a disorder in a bodily organ (e.g. erectile dysfunction), a mental disorder, or the improper behavior of a social group. · kinōfuzen

機能性

(uncountable) The ability to do a task, performance, or execution; a set of functions that something is able or equipped to perform. · kinōsei

機能的

Useful; serving a purpose, fulfilling a function. · kinōteki

機長

The person lawfully in command of a ship or other vessel. · kichō

機関

A complex mechanical device which converts energy into useful motion or physical effects. [from 16th c.] · kikan

機関車

(rail transport) The power unit of a train that pulls the coaches or wagons. · kikansha

橿

A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches. · kashi

橿鳥

Any of various other birds of similar appearance and behaviour.

檄

A public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party. · geki

檄文

A public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party. · gekibun

檣座

(nautical) A framing in wood or iron which is intended to receive an upright shaft; specifically, a block of wood, or a solid platform upon the keelson, supporting the heel of the mast.

檸檬

A yellowish citrus fruit. · remon

檸檬色

A yellowish citrus fruit. · remon'iro

檻

An enclosure made of bars, normally to hold animals. · ori

櫂

A type of lever used to propel a boat, having a flat blade at one end and a handle at the other, and pivoted in a rowlock atop the gunwale, whereby a rower seated in the boat and pulling the handle can pass the blade through the water by repeated strokes against the water's resistance, thus moving the boat. · kai

櫛

A toothed implement for grooming the hair or (formerly) for keeping it in place. · kushi

櫟

(uncountable) The wood of the such trees. · kunugi

欄干

A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building. · rankan

欅

A kind of tree in the elm family (genus Zelkova). [from 19th c.] · keyaki

欠く

(transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require. · kaku

欠ける

(transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require. · kakeru

欠乏

A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want, dearth. · ketsubō

欠伸

The action of yawning; opening the mouth widely and taking a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored. · akubi

欠伸する

(intransitive) To open the mouth widely and take a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored, and sometimes accompanied by pandiculation.

欠員

An unoccupied position or job. · ketsuin

欠失

(genetics) A mutation in which a gene, or other section of DNA, is removed from a chromosome. · kesshitsu

欠席

A state of being away or withdrawn from a place or from companionship · kesseki

欠損

A situation wherein, or amount whereby, spending exceeds (e.g. government) revenue. · kesson

欠点

A fault or malfunction. · ketten

欠片

(figuratively) A bit, small amount. · kakera

欠落

Lack; deficiency; non-existence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] · ketsuraku

欠陥

A fault or malfunction. · kekkan

次

Nearest in order, succession, or rank; immediately following (or sometimes preceding) in order. · tsugi

次々末

Two before the last, i.e., the one immediately before the penultimate, in a series.

次に

(sequence) Next in order of place. · tsugini