Japanese–English dictionary

審判

A person officiating at a sports event, a contest, or similar; referee. · shinpan

審判員

(sports, intransitive) To act as an umpire in a game. · shinpan'in

審判団

A group of judges in a competition.

寮

(Australia) A residential hall associated with a university, possibly having its own tutors. · ryō

寵愛

A kind or helpful deed; an instance of voluntarily assisting (someone). · chōai

寸劇

A short comic performance done by amateurs. · sungeki

寸尺

The dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is. [from 15th c.] · sunshaku

寸法

(geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates. · sunpō

寺

A house of worship, especially: · tera

寺院

A house of worship, especially: · jiin

対

Two partners in a romantic or sexual relationship. · tsui

対して

In physical opposition to; in collision with. · taishite

対する

In relation to (someone or something). · taisuru

対位法

(music) A melody added to an existing one, especially one added to provide harmony whilst each retains its simultaneous identity; a composition consisting of such contrapuntal melodies. · taiihō

対偶

(logic) The inverse of the converse of a given logical implication. · taiguu

対処

(intransitive) To deal effectively with something, especially if difficult. · taisho

対句

(literature) A pair of lines, typically with rhyming end words. · tsuiku

対合

(mathematics) An endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse. · taigō

対応

(countable) An agreement of situations or objects with an expected outcome. · taiō

対抗

To attempt to stop the progression of; to resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against. · taikō

対決

The act of confronting or challenging another, especially face to face. · taiketsu

対流

(obsolete) The process of conveying something. · tairyuu

対照

A proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition. · taishō

対照的

Set in opposition; markedly different. · taishōteki

対物レンズ

The lens or lenses of a camera, microscope, or other optical device closest to the object being examined. · taibutsurenzu

対症療法

A short-term fix or temporary measure used until something better can be obtained; that which serves as an expedient in an emergency; a band-aid solution. · taishōryōhō

対称

Exhibiting symmetry; having harmonious or proportionate arrangement of parts; having corresponding parts or relations. · taishō

対称性

Exact correspondence on either side of a dividing line, plane, center or axis. · taishōsei

対立

A strong natural dislike or hatred; antipathy. · tairitsu

対立する

(intransitive) To be at odds (with); to disagree or be incompatible

対策

Any action taken to counteract or correct another. · taisaku

対置された

Acting in opposition; opposing.

対角

(geometry) Joining two nonadjacent vertices (of a polygon or polyhedron). · taikaku

対話

(uncountable) The concept or state of exchanging data or information between entities. · taiwa

対話形式

(philosophy) A literary form, where the presentation resembles a conversation.

対象

A person or thing toward which an emotion is directed. · taishō

対蹠的

On opposite sides of the globe; pertaining to antipodes · taishoteki

寿司

(proscribed) Raw fish, especially as a Japanese dish. · sushi

寿命

Animation; spirit; vivacity. · jumyō

封

A tight closure, secure against leakage. · fuu

封切り

The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests. · fuukiri

封印

A facsimile of an impression of such stamp that is a mark or symbol of an office or organisation. · fuuin

封土

(figurative) A territory, a domain, an area over which one exercises lordly control, particularly with regard to corporate or governmental bureaucracies. · hōdo

封建制度

A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion. · hōkenseido

封筒

A paper or cardboard wrapper used to enclose small, flat items, especially letters, for mailing. · fuutō

封緘

A tight closure, secure against leakage. · fuukan

封臣

(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service. · hōshin

封蝋

A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods. · fuurō

封鎖

(by extension) Any form of formal isolation or inhibition of something, especially with the force of law or arms. · fuusa

専制

A condition of absolute power. · sensei

専制政治

(uncountable) A form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual. · senseiseiji

専制的

Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.

専売

An exclusive control over the trade or production of a commodity or service through exclusive possession. · senbai

専売特許

A declaration issued by a government agency that the inventor of a new invention has the sole privilege of making, selling, or using the claimed invention for a specified period. · senbaitokkyo

専攻

(education, North America, Australia, New Zealand) The principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university. · senkō

専門

That in which one specializes; a chosen expertise or talent; bailiwick. · senmon

専門医

(medicine) A physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery. · senmon'i

専門学校

(UK, education) A school directly funded by central government, independent of local control; a charter school. · senmongakkō

専門家

An expert. · senmonka

専門用語

(uncountable) A technical terminology unique to a particular subject. · senmon'yōgo

専門的

Characteristic of an expert. · senmonteki

専門的知識

Great skill or knowledge in a particular field or hobby. · senmontekichishiki

専門語

The set of terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms. · senmongo

射場

A site for launching spacecraft. · shajō

射手

One who shoots an arrow from a bow or a bolt from a crossbow. · ite

射手座

(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a centaur who is an archer. It contains the stars Kaus Australis and Nunki. · iteza

射撃

(countable) The act of discharging a firearm. · shageki

射精

(specifically) A reflex in human beings and other mammals in response to sexual stimulation involving the forcible ejection from the urethra of, in males, semen; and, in females, vaginal fluid. · shasei

将来

The time ahead; those moments yet to be experienced. · shōrai

将校

A respectful term of address for an officer, especially a police officer. · shōkō

将軍

(military ranks) The holder of a senior military title, originally designating the commander of an army and now a specific rank falling under field marshal (in the British army) and below general of the army or general of the air force in the US army and air forces. [from 16th c.] · shōgun

尊ぶ

(transitive) To think of highly, to respect highly; to show respect for; to recognise the importance or spiritual value of. · tōtobu

尊厳

The state of being dignified or worthy of esteem: elevation of mind or character. · songen

尊大

Conveying in demeanour the assumption of superiority; disdainful, supercilious. · sondai

尊敬

To set a high value on; to regard with respect or reverence. · sonkei

尊敬する

To have respect for.

尊重

(idiomatic, transitive) To show respect or admiration for (someone); to see (someone) as a role model. · sonchō

尊重する

To have regard for something, to observe a custom, practice, rule or right.

尋

(chiefly, nautical, historical, US) A man's armspan, generally reckoned to be six feet (about 1.8 metres). Later used to measure the depth of water, but now generally replaced by the metre outside American usage. · hiro

尋ねる

(transitive, intransitive) To request (information, or an answer to a question). · tazuneru

尋問

To interrogate. · jinmon

對症療法

A short-term fix or temporary measure used until something better can be obtained; that which serves as an expedient in an emergency; a band-aid solution.

導く

(countable) The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction, course · michibiku

導体

(physics) Something that can transmit electricity, heat, light, or sound. · dōtai

導入

(transitive) To connect, set up or prepare something for use · dōnyuu

導火線

A cord that, when lit, conveys the fire to some explosive device, such as a bomb. · dōkasen

導管

A pipe, tube or canal which carries gas or liquid from one place to another · dōkan

小さい

Small in size. · chiisai

小さじ

A unit of measure, equivalent to one-third of a tablespoon or roughly five milliliters. · kosaji

小っちゃい

(Scotland, Ireland, North England, NZ, Ottawa Valley, Mid-Ulster English) Small, little. · chitchai

小事

(figurative) A thing of little value; a toy, a trifle. · shōji

小人

(mythology) Any member of a race of beings from (especially Scandinavian and other Germanic) folklore, usually depicted as having some sort of supernatural powers and being skilled in crafting and metalworking, often as short with long beards, and sometimes as clashing with elves. · kobito

小人族

(Greek mythology) A member of a race of dwarfs.

小作人

A member of the lowly social class that toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture. · kosakunin

小便

(transitive) To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water; to irrigate. · shōben

小僧

A young person. · kozō

小児期

(mostly, uncountable) The state of being a child.

小児科

(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents. · shōnika

小児科医

(American spelling) A physician that specializes in pediatrics; the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. · shōnikai

小冊

A small or thin book. · shōsatsu

小冊子

A small or thin book. · shōsasshi

小刀

A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing. · kogatana

小切手

(UK, Commonwealth, Ireland) A written order directing a bank to pay money to a person or entity. · kogitte

小剣

A small, slender knife or dagger-like weapon intended for stabbing.

小包

A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel · kozutsumi

小包み

A package wrapped for shipment. · kozutsumi

小型の缶

A projectile component containing colored or screening smoke or riot control agent composition.

小型新聞

(newspapers) A newspaper having pages half the dimensions of a broadsheet, especially characterized as favouring stories of a popular or sensational nature over serious news. [from early 20th c.] · kogatashinbun

小売

(business) The sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them. · kōri

小売り

(business) The sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them. · kōri

小売価格

(colloquial) Retail price; full price; an abbreviated expression, meaning the full suggested price of a particular good or service, before any sale, discount, or other deal. · kōrikakaku

小売商人

A retail sales company or salesman.

小夜曲

A love song that is sung directly to one's love interest, especially one performed below the window of a loved one in the evening. · sayokyoku

小夜鳴き鳥

A Eurasian and African songbird, Luscinia megarhynchos, family Muscicapidae, famed for its beautiful singing at night; a common nightingale. · sayonakidori

小孔

A tiny opening in the skin. · shōkō

小屋

(US) A small dwelling characteristic of the frontier, especially when built from logs with simple tools and not constructed by professional builders, but by those who meant to live in it. · koya

小山

An elevated landmass smaller than a mountain. · koyama

小島

A surname from Japanese. · kojima

小川

A body of running water smaller than a river; a small stream. · ogawa

小惑星

(astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet and a dwarf planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape. · shōwakusei

小提琴

(string instrument) A small unfretted stringed instrument with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) G-D-A-E, usually held against the chin and played with a bow.

小文字

The minuscule or small letters (a, b, c, as opposed to the uppercase or capital letters, A, B, C). · komoji

小村

(British) A village that does not have its own church. · shōson

小枝

(metalworking, countable) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal to all parts of the mold. · koeda

小柄

(of a person) Of comparatively small height. · kogara

小槌

A wooden mallet, used by a courtroom judge, or by a committee chairman, struck against a sounding block to quieten those present, or by an auctioneer to accept the highest bid at auction. · kozuchi

小汚いガキ

A mischievous child.

小浜

A city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. See Wikipedia:Obama, Fukui.

小物

A small, showy ornament, especially a piece of jewellery. · komono

小猫

(by extension) An adult cat; also (often, childish) , sometimes in the form Kitty: a pet name for a cat of any age. · koneko

小瓶

A bottle of wine containing 37.5 centiliters, half the volume of a standard 75-centiliter bottle; a demi. · kobin

小百姓

A member of the lowly social class that toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture. · kobyakushō

小石

A small stone, especially one rounded by the action of water. · koishi

小競り合い

To engage in a minor battle or dispute. · kozeriai

小節

(music) A musical designation consisting of all notes and or rests delineated by two vertical bars; an equal and regular division of the whole of a composition; a bar. [from 17th c.] · shōsetsu

小羊

A young sheep. · kohitsuji

小胞

(anatomy) A small cavity or sac, such as a hair follicle. · shōhō

小脳

(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture. · shōnō

小臼歯

A tooth with two cusps; a premolar tooth. · shōkyuushi

小虎

One who abuses alcohol. · kotora

小説

(literature) Literary type using invented or imaginative writing, instead of real facts, usually written as prose. · shōsetsu

小説家

An author of novels. · shōsetsuka

小豆蔲

An herb, native to India (Elettaria cardamomum. · shōzuku

小路

A route for travel over land, especially a narrow, unpaved pathway for use by hikers, horseback riders, etc. · kōji

小道

Any set path or trail to be used by people walking. · komichi

小道具

Any device or machine, especially one whose name cannot be recalled, often either clever or complicated. · kodōgu

小長元坊

A small falcon, Falco columbarius, that breeds in northern North America, Europe, and Asia. · kochōgenbō

小隊

(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company. · shōtai

小雨

Light rain. · kosame

小面

Any one of the flat surfaces cut into a gem. · shōmen