тюрьма́ meaning in English — brig, jail, penitentiary

English meaning

brig noun A sailing ship with two masts, both square-rigged.
jail noun A building where people are held in custody, typically for short sentences or while awaiting trial.
penitentiary noun A state or federal prison, especially one for people convicted of serious crimes.
prison noun A secure institution where people are held, usually as punishment after being convicted of a serious crime, or while awaiting trial.

тюрьма́ is used for these senses in English:

brig (US) A jail or guardhouse, especially in a naval military prison or jail on a ship, navy base, or (in fiction) spacecraft.
jail A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawful custody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.
penitentiary (chiefly, US) A state or federal prison for convicted felons; (broadly) a prison.
prison A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.
prison (uncountable) Confinement in prison.
quod (countable) A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; a prison.

noun A building where people are held in custody, typically for short sentences or while awaiting trial.
verb To put someone in a jail or otherwise deprive them of freedom.