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noun

etiology

ee-tee-OL-uh-jee

Etiology (noun) means the cause or set of causes of a disease or condition. Example: “The etiology of the illness remains unknown.”

noun
1
American spelling; British 'aetiology' The cause or set of causes of a disease or condition.
"The etiology of the illness remains unknown."
"Most cases have a viral etiology."
2
The branch of medicine concerned with the causes of diseases.
"Her research is in the etiology of autoimmune disorders."
3
formal The origins or causes of anything, such as a social problem or a myth.
"The book traces the etiology of the financial crisis."
"Scholars debate the etiology of the flood story."

How to Use Etiology

Learner’s notes

In plain EnglishWhat causes a disease or problem in the first place.

When to use it

Medical and academic; in everyday writing 'cause' is clearer.

Memory tip

Do not confuse it with 'etymology': etiology is about the causes of diseases, etymology about the origins of words.

Trace the full origin ↓
Easily confused with
Common pairings
unknown etiology viral etiology the etiology of multifactorial etiology
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Test yourself on “etiology” A quick quiz — meaning, synonyms & usage

Fill the Gap

Can you complete this real example?

The _____ of the illness remains unknown.

Etymology

From Greek aitia ('cause') plus -logia ('study of'), via Latin aetiologia.

Origin: Greek

cause origin causation pathogenesis genesis root cause

Related Words

Rhymes for etiology

See all rhymes for etiology →

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between etiology and pathology?

Etiology asks what caused a disease, such as a bacterium, a gene or a toxin. Pathology studies what the disease then does to the body's tissues and how it can be identified. In short, etiology is the why and pathology is the what.

Is it 'etiology' or 'aetiology'?

Both are correct. 'Etiology' is the American spelling and 'aetiology' the British and Commonwealth one; the pronunciation is the same. Medical journals follow their house style, so match whichever the publication uses.

What does 'idiopathic etiology' mean?

It means the cause is unknown. 'Idiopathic' describes a disease that arises on its own without an identifiable cause, so the phrase is a formal way of saying doctors have not found a reason for it.

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Definitions: FreeDict original editorial · etymology from FreeDict original editorial