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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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ligate
Origin
First attested in 1599; borrowed from Latin ligātus, perfect passive participle of ligō (“to bind”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of legato. Compare league.
mardy
Origin
Probably from marred + -y.
lightbox
Origin
From light + box. In the Internet sense, originally the name of one specific technique.
lancinate
Origin
First attested in 1603; borrowed from Latin lancinātus, perfect passive participle of lancinō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Cognate with French lanciner.
longitudinal
Origin
From Latin longitūdin- + -al, from oblique stem of Latin longitūdō, from longus + -tūdō. By surface analysis, longitude + -al.
marjoram
Origin
From Old French majorane, from Medieval Latin maiōrana.
mable
Origin
Variant of Mabel.
lithate
Origin
From lithic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).
lithia
Origin
Borrowed from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “a stone”), apparently because it is found only in minerals; discovered 1817 by Johan August Arfwedson.
maniple
Origin
From Late Middle English maniple, manyple (“scarf worn as vestment, maniple”), borrowed from Middle French, Old French maniple, manipule (“handful; troop of soldiers; scarf worn as vestment”) (modern French manipule), from Latin manipulus (“bundle, handful; troop of soldiers”), from manus (“hand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon, signal”)) + the weakened root of pleō (“to fill; to fulfil”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)). The English word is cognate with Italian manipulo (“scarf worn as vestment”) (obsolete), manipolo (“handful; troop of soldiers; scarf worn as vestment”). Sense 2 (“part of a priest’s vestments”) is probably from the fact that the item was originally carried in the hand. It may originate from a handkerchief or napkin worn by Roman consuls as an indication of rank.
loveful
Origin
From Middle English luveful; equivalent to love + -ful.
kudu
Origin
Ultimately Khoekhoe kudu-b, through Afrikaans koedoe and French koudou.
lege
Origin
Clipping of legend.
lightskirt
Origin
From light + skirt.
mallee
Origin
Probably borrowed from Wemba-Wemba mali; compare Woiwurrung mali.
macedon
Origin
From Middle English Macedone, from Middle French Macédoine.
lycanthropy
Origin
Borrowed from Ancient Greek λῠκᾰνθρωπῐ́ᾱ (lŭkănthrōpĭ́ā), from λῠκᾰ́νθρωπος (lŭkắnthrōpos, “wolfman”). By surface analysis, lycanthrope + -y (abstract noun suffix).
lawsone
Origin
From Lawsonia, (Lawsonia inermis).
knowledgeful
Origin
From knowledge + -ful (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun).
latitat
Origin
Latin, meaning "he lies hidden", from latito.
manship
Origin
From Middle English manship (“position of honor; respect; courtesy; manly spirit or conduct; humanity; human condition”), from Old English mansċipe (“humanity, courtesy”), equivalent to man + -ship. Cognate with Dutch manschap (“homage, manred, crew”), German Mannschaft (“team, crew, squad, force”), Swedish manskap (“rank, crew”).
longshoreman
Origin
From alongshoreman, from alongshore + -man.
lazarist
Origin
From French lazariste, from Lazare + -iste (“-ist”), from the order's first large headquarters, the Enclos Saint-Lazare (“St Lazarus Enclosure”) in Paris, derived from its former use as a Hospitaller leprosarium.
magyar
Origin
From Hungarian magyar, from Proto-Ugric *mańćɜ (“man, person”).