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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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materialization
Origin
From material + -ization and materialize + -ation.
loukes
Origin
From the given name Luke.
matchless
Origin
From match + -less, modelled after or partly continuing Middle English makeless (“having no peer or equal, matchless”), equivalent to make + -less. Compare Swedish makalös (“incomparable, matchless”), Danish mageløs (“matchless”).
limousin
Origin
Borrowed from French Limousin, from Latin Lemovicinus, adjective form of Lemovices, name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears, of same ultimate origin as elm.
maffett
Origin
Variant of Moffat.
mastic
Origin
From Middle English mastik, from Old French mastic, from Latin mastiche, from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē), from μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “to chew”) (note the chewing gum sense). Related to masticate. The broad sense for cements came via extension from predecessor cements made with the tree's resin. Doublet of mastika.
mashup
Origin
From mash (“to convert into a mash; to mix thoroughly”) + up.
mastigote
Origin
From Ancient Greek μάστιξ (mástix, “whip, scourge”) + -ote.
malefaction
Origin
From Latin malefaciō.
liveware
Origin
From live + -ware (after software, hardware).
lochlan
Origin
Variant of Lachlan.
lightheartedly
Origin
From lighthearted (adjective) (any sense) + -ly (suffix forming adverbs).
lariat
Origin
From Spanish la reata (“the lasso”).
legionary
Origin
From legion + -ary. From Latin legiōnārius. Doublet of legionnaire.
mandragora
Origin
From Medieval Latin mandragora, from Latin mandragorās.
kuai
Origin
Borrowed from Mandarin 膾 /脍 (kuài).
manufactory
Origin
From Latin manūfactus + English -ory.
limescale
Origin
From lime + scale.
locoregional
Origin
By surface analysis, loc(al) + -o- + region + -al.
limn
Origin
From Middle English limnen, limyne, lymm, lymn, lymne (“to illuminate (a manuscript)”), a variant of luminen (“to illuminate (a manuscript)”), short form of enluminen (“to shed light on, illuminate; to enlighten; to make bright or clear; to give colour to; to illuminate (a manuscript); to depict, describe; to adorn or embellish with figures of speech or poetry; to make famous, glorious, or illustrious”), from Old French enluminer (“to brighten, light up; to give colour to; to illuminate (a manuscript)”), from Latin illūminō (“to brighten, light up; to adorn; to make conspicuous”), from il- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside’)) + lūminō (“to brighten, illuminate; to reveal”) (from lūmen (“light; (poetic) brightness”) (from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine; to see”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).
longevous
Origin
From Latin longaevus, from longus (“long”) + aevum (“age”).
legitimateness
Origin
From legitimate + -ness.
lambent
Origin
From Latin lambēns, present participle of lambō (“lick”).
maness
Origin
Probably a variant of Dutch Manes.