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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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fusiform
Origin
From Latin fusus (“spindle”) + -iform.
gazetteer
Origin
The noun is borrowed from French gazettier (archaic), gazetier (“journalist, newspaperman”) + English -eer (suffix forming agent nouns denoting people associated with or engaged in a specified activities). Gazettier, gazetier are derived from gazette (“newspaper”) + -ier (suffix denoting a profession); and gazette from Italian gazzetta, from Venetan gazeta, from gazeta dele novità (literally “a gazeta of news”) (referring to the cost of the newspaper, a gazeta being a Venetian coin of little value, whence English gazet (obsolete)), possibly a diminutive of Latin gaza (“riches, treasure; treasury”), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰam (“treasure; wealth”). The English word is analysable as gazette + -eer. The verb is derived from the noun.
gelcap
Origin
clipping of gelatin + capsule
gentlewoman
Origin
From Middle English gentilwoman, modelled after gentilman (“gentleman”), equivalent to gentle + -woman.
gibibyte
Origin
From gibi- + byte.
funnywoman
Origin
From funny + woman.
gallanthood
Origin
From gallant + -hood.
glim
Origin
From Middle English glim, glimme (“radiance; shining brightness”), of uncertain further origin. Perhaps from Old English gleomu (“splendor”) and/or Old Norse *glim, *glima, both apparently from Proto-Germanic *glimō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley- (“to gleam, shimmer, glow”). Compare Norwegian Nynorsk glim, dialectal Old Swedish glim, glimma.
gobby
Origin
From gob (“lump”) + -y.
foliation
Origin
From French foliation, from Latin folium (“leaf”).
fordrive
Origin
From Middle English fordriven, from Old English fordrīfan (“to drive, sweep away, drive on, impel, compel, drive away, expel, overtax”), from Proto-West Germanic *fradrīban, from Proto-Germanic *fradrībaną (“to drive away, drive out, expel”), equivalent to for- + drive. Cognate with West Frisian fordriuwe, ferdriuwe (“to expel”), Dutch verdrijven (“to expel”), German Low German verdrieven (“to drive away”), German vertreiben (“to expel, drive out, banish”), Danish fordrive (“to oust, expel”), Swedish fördriva (“to drive away, drive out, banish”).
foxglove
Origin
From Middle English fox-glove, foxes glove, from Old English foxes glōfa (“foxglove”). By surface analysis, fox + glove.
frammis
Origin
Unknown. Originated in the US in the 1930s; perhaps merely a nonsense word.
fistula
Origin
Learned borrowing from Latin fistula (“pipe, ulcer, catheter”). Doublet of fester.
fleshlight
Origin
Genericized trademark, blend of flesh + flashlight.
forechoice
Origin
From fore- + choice.
flummoxed
Origin
From flummox + -ed.
fopdoodle
Origin
From fop (“vain man, dandy”) + doodle (“(obsolete) mindless person, fool, simpleton”).
formicary
Origin
From Latin formica (“ant”) + -ary.
forbush
Origin
Two main origins: * A variant of the Scottish surname Forbes. * An Americanized spelling of German Vorbusch.
fremdling
Origin
From fremd + -ling. Cf. Dutch vreemdeling, German Fremdling, Swedish främling.
fluency
Origin
From Late Latin fluentia, equivalent to fluent + -cy. Cognate with French fluence.
flaggy
Origin
From flag + -y.
filmy
Origin
From film + -y. Cognate with Middle Dutch velmich, vilmich (“filmy, membranous”). Doublet of filmic.