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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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footmeal
Origin
From Middle English footmele, fotmelen, from Old English fōtmǣlum (“step by step, by degrees”), dative plural of Old English fōtmǣl (“a foot-measure, one foot”), equivalent to foot + -meal.
flavorer
Origin
From flavor + -er.
foremath
Origin
From fore- + math (“a mowing”), by analogy with aftermath.
floresville
Origin
From Flores + -ville, named after the Flores de Abrego family.
fleak
Origin
A variant of flake (noun, verb).
floodplain
Origin
From flood + plain.
foreshorten
Origin
From fore- + shorten.
forespell
Origin
From fore- + spell. Compare Dutch voorspellen (“to predict”).
foolhardiness
Origin
From Middle English foolhardynesse; equivalent to foolhardy + -ness.
flabbergaster
Origin
From flabbergast + -er.
fidgetiness
Origin
From fidgety + -ness.
fontanelle
Origin
Borrowed from French fontanelle, from Old French fontenelle, a diminutive of fontaine (“fountain, spring”) + -elle, from Late Latin fontāna, from Latin fontānus, from font- + -ānus. By surface analysis, font + -an + -elle.
fiendship
Origin
From Middle English feondscipe, from Old English fēondsċiepe, from Proto-West Germanic *fijandskapi, equivalent to fiend + -ship.
foredeem
Origin
From Middle English *foredemen, from Old English foredēman (“to prejudge”), equivalent to fore- + deem.
forbus
Origin
Variant spelling of Forbes.
fitchie
Origin
Rare spelling variant of Fitzhugh.
forswart
Origin
From Middle English forswarten, equivalent to for- + swart.
flaneur
Origin
From French flâneur (“loafer, idler, dawdler, loiterer”).
filmic
Origin
From film + -ic. Doublet of filmy.
forehold
Origin
From fore- (prefix meaning ‘positioned at or near the front’) + hold (“the cargo area of an aircraft or ship”). Hold is a variant of hole (influenced by hold (verb)), from Middle English hole, hol (“perforation, hole; cave, cavern; hiding place, shelter; cell, compartment”), from Old English hol (“hole (in the ground)”), from Proto-West Germanic *hol (“hollow”), from Proto-Germanic *hulą (“depression, hollow; hole”), from Proto-Germanic *hulaz (“hollow”); further etymology uncertain, possibly either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover; to conceal, hide”) or *ḱewh₁- (“to be strong; to swell”).
foehn
Origin
Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin faōnius, an alteration of Latin favōnius (“west wind”), from Favōnius (“Roman wind god”).
fissile
Origin
Borrowed from Latin fissilis.
fluorophore
Origin
From fluoro- + -phore.
fishify
Origin
From fish + -ify.