により — meaning in English

English meaning

• by prep Near or next to something.
• since prep From a particular point in the past up until now.

Senses

により is used for these senses in English:

• by Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
• by Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
• by Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
• since Because.

by — full definition

1. prep Near or next to something.
2. prep Not later than a stated time.
3. prep Used to show who or what performs an action.
4. prep Through the use of a particular method.

since — full definition

1. prep From a particular point in the past up until now.
2. conj From the time that; from when.
3. conj Because; given that.

Related Japanese words