actual

The word “actual” means existing in reality; real, not just imagined or planned. In plain terms, real or genuine, as opposed to estimated, planned, or imaginary.

“Actual” is pronounced AK-shoo-uhl (/ˈækʃuəl/ in IPA).

Here is “actual” used in a sentence: “The actual cost was much higher than the estimate.”

Words with a similar meaning to “actual” include positive.

“Actual” is an adjective.

The word “actual” comes from Late Latin. From Old French actuel, from Late Latin actualis ("active, practical"), from Latin actus ("act, action"), from agere ("to do, to act").

“Actual” is a very common word in modern English, usually learned at around the B2 level.

“Actual” has 2 distinct senses listed in this dictionary. The most common is: existing in reality; real, not just imagined or planned.

The words are close synonyms and often interchangeable. 'Real' contrasts with fake or imaginary — something that exists at all. 'Actual' contrasts with supposed, planned, or expected, stressing what is truly the case. You might compare the actual cost with the estimate, both of which are real numbers.

Opposites include imaginary, hypothetical, theoretical, and potential — all describing something that does not truly exist or has not happened yet. 'Actual' insists on reality, so its antonyms cover things that are merely supposed, planned, or possible rather than genuinely real and present.

Theoretical describes what should happen in principle, based on ideas or calculation. Actual describes what really happens in practice. A machine might have a theoretical top speed, but its actual speed on the road is lower once friction and real conditions come into play.

No — this is a common mix-up, especially for speakers of languages where a similar word means 'current.' In English, 'actual' means real or existing in fact, not present-day. To describe something happening now, use 'current' or 'present' instead. 'Actual' is about reality, not timing.