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Etymology — The origins of English words

Where do words come from? Trace the origin and history of any English word, from its Latin, Greek or Old English roots through to its modern meaning. Every etymology is sourced.

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vulnerableness
Origin
From vulnerable + -ness.
whilere
Origin
From Middle English whil er, whileere [and other forms], whilom er (“some while ago or before, formerly”), from Old English hwīle ǣr, hwīlum ǣr, from hwīle (accusative singular of hwīl), hwīlum (“at some time in the past, once; sometimes”) (dative plural of hwīl (“period of time, a while”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”)) + ǣr (“before”) (ultimately from Proto-Germanic *airiz (“before, earlier”)). The English word is analysable as while + ere.
wholemeal
Origin
From whole + meal.
vortical
Origin
From (the stem of) Latin vortex + -al.
whosit
Origin
From who's it?
unmoveable
Origin
From un- + moveable.
vouchsafement
Origin
From vouchsafe + -ment.
variola
Origin
From Middle English variolas pl (“pustules, pocks”), from Medieval Latin or Medical Latin variola (“infectious disease causing pustules; pox”), from Latin varius. Doublet of variole.
waterbuck
Origin
From Afrikaans waterbok, after the animal's habit of escaping to waterways.
valedictory
Origin
From Latin valedictum + English -ory (suffix forming nouns meaning ‘that which pertains to’, or adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Valedictum is the accusative supine of valedīcō (“to bid farewell; to give a valediction”), from valē (“farewell, goodbye”) (the imperative of valeō (“to be healthy or well; to be strong; to have influence or power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“powerful, strong; to rule”)) + dīcō (“to say, speak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”)). By surface analysis, valedict + -ory.
venipuncture
Origin
From ven- + puncture, equivalent to veno- + puncture but with -i- as interconsonantal (versus -o-).
webcast
Origin
From web + -cast, from broadcast.
westman
Origin
From west + man. A calque of Old Norse vestmaðr, from vest (“west”) + maðr (“man”).
unsophisticate
Origin
From un- + sophisticate.
unrepentance
Origin
From un- + repentance.
unsmart
Origin
From un- + smart.
upland
Origin
From Middle English upland, from Old English ūpland (“the country”); equivalent to up- + land. The word as an adjective developed in Middle English.
unfinishedness
Origin
From unfinished + -ness.
unobliging
Origin
From un- + obliging.
unsay
Origin
From Middle English unseyen, unseien, from Old English onseċġan (“to deny, renounce”), from Proto-West Germanic *andasaggjan (“to unsay, renounce, deny”), equivalent to un- + say. Cognate with Dutch ontzeggen (“to deny”), German entsagen (“to renounce, abjure”).
vitalic
Origin
Perhaps from vital + -ic.
vasquine
Origin
From French vasquine. Compare Spanish basquiña.
videogram
Origin
From video- + -gram.
venturer
Origin
From venture + -er.