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C1 Vocabulary Words

Words at CEFR level C1 — advanced vocabulary for fluent speakers — each with its definition.

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300 Words

  1. 1 acoustics The scientific study of sound.
  2. 2 aesthetically In a way that relates to beauty or visual style.
  3. 3 aimless Lacking a clear purpose or direction.
  4. 4 aimlessly In a manner without purpose or direction.
  5. 5 alienate To make someone feel isolated, unwelcome, or estranged.
  6. 6 altruism Selfless concern for the wellbeing of others, often shown through helpful action.
  7. 7 altruistic Showing genuine concern for others rather than oneself; unselfish.
  8. 8 amply In a way that is more than sufficient; generously or thoroughly.
  9. 9 antiquated Old-fashioned or outdated, no longer suited to modern needs.
  10. 10 apprehensive Nervous or worried about something that might happen.
  11. 11 artistically In a way that shows artistic skill or creative flair.
  12. 12 beguiling Charming or attractive in a way that can be deceptive or hard to resist.
  13. 13 bequeath To leave property or money to someone through a will.
  14. 14 billiards A cue sport played on a table with balls that are struck to score points, in various forms such as pool and sn...
  15. 15 blister A small, fluid-filled bubble that forms under the skin, usually from friction, heat, or irritation.
  16. 16 brainwash To forcibly and systematically pressure someone into abandoning their existing beliefs and adopting new ones.
  17. 17 brainwashing The systematic use of pressure, repetition, or coercion to make someone abandon their beliefs for another set...
  18. 18 bubbly Cheerful, energetic, and enthusiastic in personality.
  19. 19 buffoon Someone who acts in a silly, clownish way, or who behaves so foolishly that it's almost comical.
  20. 20 candidly In an honest, straightforward manner.
  21. 21 carpentry The skill or trade of working with wood to build or repair structures and objects.
  22. 22 ceaseless Never stopping; going on constantly without a break.
  23. 23 chisel A hand tool with a sharp flat edge, used to cut or shape wood, stone, or metal.
  24. 24 churn To stir or agitate a liquid vigorously, especially to make butter from cream.
  25. 25 clammy Unpleasantly cold and damp to the touch, especially skin.
  26. 26 claustrophobia An intense, irrational fear of small or enclosed spaces.
  27. 27 claustrophobic Suffering from, or prone to, an intense fear of enclosed spaces.
  28. 28 cleanly In a clean, neat manner, without mess.
  29. 29 cleverness The quality of being intelligent, quick-witted, or resourceful.
  30. 30 commendation Formal praise, or an official award recognizing achievement.
  31. 31 confide To tell someone a secret, trusting them to keep it private.
  32. 32 congregate To gather together in a group.
  33. 33 conjure To perform tricks that appear to be magic.
  34. 34 connoisseur Someone with expert knowledge and refined judgment in a particular field, especially art, food, or wine.
  35. 35 convoluted Extremely complicated and hard to follow.
  36. 36 crudely In a rough, unrefined, or tactless manner.
  37. 37 crumb A tiny fragment of bread, cake, or similar food.
  38. 38 cynic A person who habitually expects the worst of people and doubts their sincerity or motives.
  39. 39 darkroom A room kept dark so that photographic film can be developed without being exposed to light.
  40. 40 daydream A pleasant chain of thoughts or fantasies that drift through your mind while you're awake, disconnected from w...
  41. 41 desertion The act of abandoning a duty, post, or person, especially without permission.
  42. 42 detest To hate something or someone intensely.
  43. 43 detestable So unpleasant or wicked as to inspire hatred or disgust.
  44. 44 devotee A person with a strong, enthusiastic interest in or loyalty to something.
  45. 45 dislodge To force something out of a position it had been fixed or settled in.
  46. 46 dispensary A place, such as part of a hospital or clinic, where medicine or medical supplies are given out.
  47. 47 dissect To cut open a body, plant, or organism to examine its internal structure.
  48. 48 dissection The act of cutting something open to examine its parts.
  49. 49 docile Easy to control, teach, or manage; gentle and compliant.
  50. 50 dutiful Careful to do what duty, obligation, or respect requires, without complaint.
  51. 51 effortless Done with ease, requiring little or no visible effort.
  52. 52 elitist Reflecting the belief that a small select group deserves special status or privilege.
  53. 53 elude To avoid or escape someone or something, often through cleverness or luck.
  54. 54 enterprising Showing initiative and a readiness to take on new or difficult projects.
  55. 55 enviable So good or desirable that it makes other people envious.
  56. 56 ewe A female sheep.
  57. 57 exhibitionist Someone who deliberately behaves in an attention-seeking or showy way.
  58. 58 exhilarating Extremely exciting and thrilling, often in a way that lifts your mood.
  59. 59 exhilaration A feeling of intense excitement and happiness.
  60. 60 expedite To make a process happen faster.
  61. 61 extravagance Spending far more money than is necessary or reasonable.
  62. 62 exuberance Overflowing energy, enthusiasm, or high spirits.
  63. 63 exuberant Full of energy, enthusiasm, and high spirits.
  64. 64 fabulously To an extraordinary or impressively great degree.
  65. 65 fanciful Based on imagination rather than fact or reality.
  66. 66 ferociously In a fierce, violent, or aggressive way.
  67. 67 fiddler A person who plays the fiddle.
  68. 68 fiend An evil or demonic being; by extension, a cruel or wicked person.
  69. 69 fiendish Extremely cruel or wicked, as if inspired by a demon.
  70. 70 fissure A long, narrow crack or split, especially in rock, ground, or body tissue.
  71. 71 flattery Excessive or insincere praise, often given to win someone's favour.
  72. 72 flicker To shine or burn unsteadily, with light that wavers.
  73. 73 gape To stare with your mouth open wide, usually in shock or amazement.
  74. 74 glean To gather information or knowledge gradually, often bit by bit and with some effort.
  75. 75 glum Sad, sullen, or in low spirits.
  76. 76 gnaw To bite or chew persistently on something tough.
  77. 77 gruelling Extremely demanding, exhausting, or difficult to endure.
  78. 78 grumble To complain in a low, muttering, discontented way.
  79. 79 gush To flow out suddenly and in large amounts.
  80. 80 gushing Flowing out suddenly and forcefully.
  81. 81 gusto Enthusiasm and energy put into doing something.
  82. 82 gutsy Showing courage and determination in a difficult or risky situation.
  83. 83 haggle To negotiate persistently over a price or deal.
  84. 84 headstrong Stubbornly determined to do things one's own way, ignoring advice or objections.
  85. 85 heifer A young female cow that has not yet given birth to a calf.
  86. 86 heighten To increase the intensity, degree, or effect of something.
  87. 87 hibernate For an animal to spend winter in a dormant, low-energy state.
  88. 88 hibernation A state of greatly reduced activity and metabolism that some animals enter during winter.
  89. 89 homely Simple, cosy, and comfortable, in the way of a family home.
  90. 90 honk To sound a car horn, or to make a similar loud, harsh noise.
  91. 91 impersonal Not personal or individual; without warmth, feeling, or a personal connection.
  92. 92 impersonate To pretend to be someone else, often to deceive or entertain.
  93. 93 impersonation The act of pretending to be another person, or a performance imitating someone.
  94. 94 impersonator A performer who imitates other people, especially celebrities, for entertainment.
  95. 95 impervious Not affected or bothered by something, such as criticism or emotion.
  96. 96 implicate To show that someone is involved in something wrong or criminal.
  97. 97 incision A cut made into something, especially into the body during surgery.
  98. 98 inexcusable So bad that there is no acceptable reason or excuse for it.
  99. 99 inexhaustible So large or endless that it seems impossible to use up.
  100. 100 inexplicable Impossible to explain or understand.
  101. 101 inexplicably In a way that can't be explained; for no clear reason.
  102. 102 instinctive Coming naturally and automatically, without thinking it through.
  103. 103 insubordinate Refusing to obey orders or accept authority; defiant.
  104. 104 insubordination Deliberate refusal to obey someone in authority, especially a supervisor or officer.
  105. 105 interject To break into a conversation suddenly with a remark.
  106. 106 irate Extremely angry, especially in a way that's directed at someone or something specific.
  107. 107 justly In a fair or morally right way.
  108. 108 lavatory A room containing a toilet, or the toilet itself.
  109. 109 lethargic Lacking energy or enthusiasm; sluggish and drowsy.
  110. 110 lethargy A lack of energy and enthusiasm; sluggishness or drowsiness.
  111. 111 macabre Disturbingly focused on death, or gruesome and horrifying to look at.
  112. 112 magnetism The physical property or force by which magnets attract or repel certain materials.
  113. 113 manicure A cosmetic treatment that cleans, shapes, and polishes the fingernails.
  114. 114 methodical Done in a careful, orderly, step-by-step way.
  115. 115 misplace To lose track of something by forgetting where it was put.
  116. 116 monotonous Tediously repetitive or lacking variety.
  117. 117 monotony The state of being tediously repetitive or unchanging.
  118. 118 motley Made up of a wildly varied, often mismatched, mix of elements or people.
  119. 119 mountaineer A person who climbs mountains, especially as a sport.
  120. 120 naivety The quality of being naive; a lack of experience or worldly judgement.
  121. 121 nondescript Lacking any distinctive or memorable features; plain and unremarkable.
  122. 122 oddity A strange or unusual thing, person, or detail.
  123. 123 overalls A loose garment worn over normal clothing to protect it during dirty or heavy work.
  124. 124 overdraft The act of withdrawing more money from a bank account than it holds.
  125. 125 overseer A person who supervises the work of others.
  126. 126 pathos A quality in something that stirs feelings of pity or sadness.
  127. 127 pedicure A cosmetic treatment for the feet and toenails.
  128. 128 perceptive Quick to notice or understand things; showing sharp insight.
  129. 129 persecute To treat someone cruelly or unfairly over a long period, often because of their race, religion, or beliefs.
  130. 130 physicality The bodily strength, size, or presence someone has, especially noticeable athletic or physical power.
  131. 131 placid Calm, peaceful, and not easily disturbed.
  132. 132 pleasurable Giving pleasure or enjoyment.
  133. 133 plummet To fall suddenly and steeply.
  134. 134 poise A calm, self-assured manner; composure under pressure.
  135. 135 pounce To leap suddenly on something in order to seize it.
  136. 136 profess To claim or declare something, often about oneself, sometimes insincerely.
  137. 137 prowl To move about quietly and stealthily, especially while hunting or searching for something.
  138. 138 quirk An odd or unusual habit, feature, or trait.
  139. 139 raunchy Crude or sexually explicit in a way that can be humorous or shocking.
  140. 140 recognisable Able to be identified or known from previous experience; British spelling of "recognizable."
  141. 141 rediscover To find, notice, or come to appreciate something again after it had been forgotten or overlooked.
  142. 142 reenact To bring a law or rule into force again.
  143. 143 reminisce To think or talk fondly about memories from the past.
  144. 144 repute Reputation, especially a favorable one.
  145. 145 resonate To produce or amplify sound through vibration.
  146. 146 restorative Having the effect of restoring health, strength, or good condition.
  147. 147 retrace To go back over a path, route, or sequence of events, often to find something or understand what happened.
  148. 148 revere To feel or show deep respect and admiration for someone or something.
  149. 149 riveting So interesting or exciting that it completely holds your attention.
  150. 150 rustle A soft, dry crackling sound, like leaves or paper moving.
  151. 151 ruthlessness The quality of being merciless or showing no compassion.
  152. 152 salve A soothing or healing ointment applied to the skin.
  153. 153 sarcastically In a mocking way, saying something while clearly meaning the opposite.
  154. 154 scathing Harshly critical.
  155. 155 scoff To speak about something with scorn or mockery, treating it as ridiculous.
  156. 156 screenwriter A person who writes screenplays for film or television.
  157. 157 sedate Calm, unhurried, and dignified in manner.
  158. 158 seedling A young plant grown from a seed, especially one still small enough to transplant.
  159. 159 sentient Able to perceive, feel, or experience things consciously.
  160. 160 settee A long upholstered seat with a back and arms, meant for more than one person; a sofa.
  161. 161 shambles A scene of complete disorder, mess, or chaos.
  162. 162 showy Flashy or attracting a lot of attention, often in an exaggerated way.
  163. 163 sketchbook A pad of blank pages used for drawing sketches.
  164. 164 slob A person regarded as lazy, messy, or careless about their appearance.
  165. 165 snooze To sleep lightly for a short time; to nap.
  166. 166 sombre Dark, dim, or lacking in brightness.
  167. 167 somersault A full 360-degree roll of the body, forwards or backwards, either in the air or on the ground, so the feet pas...
  168. 168 sprawl To sit or lie with the arms and legs spread out carelessly.
  169. 169 squander To waste money, time, or an opportunity carelessly.
  170. 170 stately Grand and dignified in appearance or manner.
  171. 171 stiffen To make something rigid or less flexible.
  172. 172 strapping Tall, strong, and physically robust.
  173. 173 stuffy Lacking fresh air; poorly ventilated and uncomfortably warm.
  174. 174 suburbia Suburbs collectively, especially thought of as conventional or unexciting.
  175. 175 succulent Juicy and tender; pleasant to eat.
  176. 176 suds The foam or froth made when soap mixes with water.
  177. 177 suitor A man who is courting or pursuing a romantic relationship with someone.
  178. 178 supple Bending easily; flexible.
  179. 179 tact Skill in dealing with people or delicate situations without causing offense, even when being honest.
  180. 180 tactful Careful and sensitive when dealing with other people, especially in awkward situations.
  181. 181 tangle To twist together into a knotted, confused mass.
  182. 182 tantamount Equal in effect or seriousness to something else, even if not literally the same.
  183. 183 tantrum A sudden outburst of bad temper, especially a childish one.
  184. 184 taut Pulled or stretched tight, with no slack.
  185. 185 telltale Something that gives away or reveals a fact, often one meant to stay hidden.
  186. 186 temperamental Prone to sudden, unpredictable changes in mood; easily upset.
  187. 187 torturous Extremely painful or agonizing.
  188. 188 tranquility A state of calm and peacefulness.
  189. 189 undaunted Not discouraged or intimidated, even when facing difficulty or danger.
  190. 190 uneventful Without anything interesting or noteworthy happening.
  191. 191 unoccupied Not lived in or rented out.
  192. 192 unplug To disconnect a device from a power source.
  193. 193 untangle To free something from knots or tangles.
  194. 194 unwavering Steady and not shaken; firm and resolute.
  195. 195 utensil A tool or implement used for a practical purpose, especially in cooking or eating.
  196. 196 veneration Deep respect or reverence, often bordering on religious devotion.
  197. 197 ventilate To let fresh air circulate through a space, replacing stale or stagnant air.
  198. 198 viciously In a cruel, violent, or savage manner.
  199. 199 voracious Eating, or wanting to eat, huge amounts of food.
  200. 200 wayside The edge of a road or path.
  201. 201 wickedly In an evil, cruel, or mischievous way.
  202. 202 wrangle To argue or quarrel at length, often noisily.
  203. 203 wry Dryly humorous, often in a way that shows you know a situation is awkward or difficult; ironic.
  204. 204 zany Wildly comic, eccentric, or amusingly outlandish in behavior or style.
  205. 205 trying Difficult to endure; testing one's patience.
  206. 206 removed Separated by distance, time, or degree.
  207. 207 jersey A close-fitting knitted top, originally made of wool, worn on the upper body.
  208. 208 coverage The amount and depth of attention a topic or event receives in the news or other media.
  209. 209 clinical Relating to the direct treatment and observation of patients, as opposed to theoretical research.
  210. 210 grounds Reasons or justification for something.
  211. 211 premier Ranked first in importance, quality, or status.
  212. 212 debut A first public performance or appearance.
  213. 213 hence For this reason; therefore.
  214. 214 mechanism A system of moving parts that performs a function within a machine.
  215. 215 whilst A more formal or British variant of "while", meaning during the same time or in contrast.
  216. 216 sacrifice To offer something, historically an animal, person, or object, to a deity as an act of worship.
  217. 217 Carrier A person, vehicle, or company that transports goods, passengers, or messages.
  218. 218 legacy Money or property left to someone in a will.
  219. 219 charter An official document that creates an organisation or grants specific rights, freedoms, or powers.
  220. 220 criteria The plural of "criterion" — standards or requirements used to judge something.
  221. 221 isolated Set apart from others; remote or alone.
  222. 222 quest A long or difficult search or journey undertaken to achieve a goal.
  223. 223 collaboration The act of working together with others on a shared task.
  224. 224 con A dishonest scheme designed to trick someone, usually to take their money.
  225. 225 diversity The quality of containing many different types or forms.
  226. 226 jurisdiction The official authority to make legal decisions and judgments over a particular area, group of people, or type...
  227. 227 structural Relating to the structure, framework, or underlying arrangement of something.
  228. 228 dominant More powerful, important, or noticeable than others in the same category.
  229. 229 bulk The overall size, volume, or mass of something, especially when large.
  230. 230 conviction A strong, firmly held belief.
  231. 231 corps A large military unit made up of two or more divisions.
  232. 232 scenario A possible sequence of events that might happen.
  233. 233 transit The act or process of passing through or across a place.
  234. 234 vertical Standing straight up, at a right angle to the ground or to a horizontal line.
  235. 235 suspension A temporary stop or delay of something.
  236. 236 thereby By that means; as a result of that.
  237. 237 duration The length of time something lasts.
  238. 238 sustainable Able to be maintained or continued over a long period.
  239. 239 restoration The process of returning something to its original or an earlier good condition.
  240. 240 voluntary Done by choice, not because of an obligation or force.
  241. 241 advisory Giving advice or recommendations rather than making binding decisions.
  242. 242 magnetic Having the properties of a magnet, especially the ability to attract iron or steel.
  243. 243 ethical Relating to principles of right and wrong conduct.
  244. 244 amateur Someone who takes part in an activity, sport, or art for enjoyment rather than as a paid profession.
  245. 245 chill An uncomfortable feeling of coldness.
  246. 246 elaborate Worked out with great care and detail; intricate or highly developed.
  247. 247 testament A legal document stating how a person wants their property divided after death.
  248. 248 trauma A serious physical injury to the body.
  249. 249 peninsula A stretch of land that juts out into the sea or a lake, connected to the mainland on one side.
  250. 250 descent The act of coming down from a higher place, or a downward slope or path.
  251. 251 hostile Unfriendly or aggressive, like an enemy.
  252. 252 linear Arranged in or resembling a straight line.
  253. 253 circulation The movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels around the body.
  254. 254 premises A piece of land together with the buildings on it, especially as a single property.
  255. 255 prophet A person believed to speak on behalf of a god or with divinely inspired insight.
  256. 256 wicked Morally bad; evil or cruel.
  257. 257 facial Relating to or affecting the face.
  258. 258 salvation The act of saving someone or something from danger, loss, or harm; deliverance.
  259. 259 compliance The act of following rules, laws, or requests set by others.
  260. 260 ego A person's sense of their own importance and self-worth.
  261. 261 notable Worth noticing or remembering; significant or distinguished.
  262. 262 clan A large group of related families claiming descent from a common ancestor.
  263. 263 speculation A guess or theory formed without firm evidence.
  264. 264 succession A number of things or people following one after another in order.
  265. 265 demo A short demonstration of how a product or piece of software works.
  266. 266 integral Essential to completeness; a necessary part of a whole.
  267. 267 substantially To a large or significant degree.
  268. 268 organizational Relating to an organization or to the way something is organized.
  269. 269 precision The quality of being exact and accurate.
  270. 270 profound Showing great depth of thought, understanding, or feeling.
  271. 271 sentiment An opinion, attitude, or general feeling about something.
  272. 272 marvel Something that causes wonder or amazement.
  273. 273 contractor A person or company hired to carry out building or construction work.
  274. 274 consultation A meeting to discuss something or get advice, especially with a professional.
  275. 275 crude In a raw, natural, or unrefined state.
  276. 276 fossil The preserved remains or traces of an ancient plant or animal, usually turned to stone over time.
  277. 277 harassment Repeated unwanted behavior intended to disturb, intimidate, or upset someone.
  278. 278 inclusion The act of adding something to a group, or the state of being part of it.
  279. 279 portable Light and compact enough to be carried or moved easily.
  280. 280 terrain The physical features of a stretch of land, especially how rugged or flat it is.
  281. 281 likelihood The chance that something will happen; probability.
  282. 282 withdrawn Quiet and reluctant to engage or socialize with others.
  283. 283 comply To act in accordance with a rule, request, or law.
  284. 284 fusion The act or result of combining separate things into one.
  285. 285 acoustic Relating to sound or the sense of hearing.
  286. 286 fraction A part of a whole, especially a small one.
  287. 287 aesthetic Relating to beauty, art, or how something looks and feels visually.
  288. 288 hack To cut or chop something roughly, without precision.
  289. 289 revealing Giving useful or surprising information; informative.
  290. 290 synthetic Made by chemical or industrial synthesis rather than occurring naturally, though it may closely match a natura...
  291. 291 demographic Relating to the study of populations and their characteristics.
  292. 292 exploitation The unfair use of someone or something for personal gain.
  293. 293 inherent Existing as a natural or essential part of something, rather than added on.
  294. 294 robust Strong and healthy, or built to handle stress and hard use without breaking down.
  295. 295 verdict A jury's or judge's formal decision on a case.
  296. 296 gig A single performance booking for a musician or entertainer.
  297. 297 atmospheric Relating to or coming from the atmosphere.
  298. 298 continuity An unbroken, consistent flow or connection over time, without gaps or interruption.
  299. 299 elevation The height of a place above sea level.
  300. 300 fatigue Extreme tiredness, whether physical or mental, from exertion or lack of rest.